3375
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences (SJAMS) ISSN 2320-6691 (Online)
Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2014; 2(6G):3375-3379 ISSN 2347-954X (Print)
©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher
(An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources)
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Research Article
A Study on Anatomical Variations in Non-Syndromic Clefts of Lip, Alveolus and
Palate Belonging to the Eastern Part of India
Prerana Aggarwal
1*
, Subhadip Bharati
2
, Biswarup Barejee
3
, Anwesa Pal
4
, Avijit Hazra
5
, Asis Kumar Datta
6
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research (IPGME&R),
Kolkata-20, West Bengal, India
2
Post Graduate Trainee, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research
(IPGME&R), Kolkata-20, West Bengal, India
3
Attending Consultant, Department of Neurology, Medica Institute of Neurological Diseases, Kolkata- 99, West Bengal,
India
4
Post Graduate Trainee, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research
(IPGME&R), Kolkata-20, West Bengal, India
5
Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research (IPGME&R),
Kolkata-20, West Bengal, India
6
Professor, Department of Anatomy, KPCMC & H, Kolkata-32, West Bengal, India
*Corresponding author
Dr. Prerana Aggarwal
Email: dr_prerana@yahoo.com
Abstract: Non-syndromic clefts of lip, alveolus and palate (CLAP) are purely physical deformities that are correctable
surgically leading to normal facial growth provided the surgery is done in proper time and with the proper knowledge of
anatomy of the cleft. This study in Eastern India gives an overview of anatomical variations of CLAP on which the
surgical repair of the same depends. 250pediatric cases of non-syndromic CLAP of both sexes were studied over one year
duration. They were classified into 3 subgroups namely cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate (CLP) and cleft palate alone
(CP). The data was tabulated, statistically analyzed; correlation between the different subgroups and with existing
datawas drawn.CLP(55.60%) is found to be the commonest type of CLAP deformity in studied population followed by
CP(25.60%) and CL(18.80%). 181(72.40%) cases have complete clefts. Overall probability of complete cleft is highest
in CLP subgroup followed by CP subgroup i.e. CLP are found to be most severe type of clefts. 149(59%) cases had
unilateral clefts. Probability of unilateral clefts is higher in CL and CLP subgroups as compared to CP subgroup. It
supports the fact that the etiology of CLP is different from that of CP. The present study findings may help in selecting
the proper surgical procedure for correction of clefts that in turn depends upon the subtype, the extent and the laterality of
the defect.
Keywords: clefts of lip alveolus and palate, cleft lip, cleft lip and palate, isolated cleft palate, complete cleft, incomplete
cleft, unilateral clefts, bilateral clefts.
INTRODUCTION
Birth defects in general and particularly
orofacial clefting is relatively common and significant
problem for the individual patients born with these
defects in terms of death or disability and for their
families and society in general in terms of burden of
care and health inequality. Despite significant
advancement in treatment in high-income countries,
problems in access to care and evidence base for cleft
care still exist. While in the developing countries the
consequences are lack of access to care and lack of
infrastructure to help with quantification of the problem
and consequently the ability to address it [1]. The
Indian sub-continent remains one of the most populous
areas of the world with an estimated population of 1.1
billion in India alone with estimated 24.5 million births
per year. The birth prevalence of clefts is somewhere
between 27,000 and 33,000 clefts per year [2].
According to The Smile Train records, every year
nearly 35,000 new cleft patients are born in India alone
and around 1 million are present with unrepaired clefts
[3].
A CLAP child faces problem with feeding and
talking. Other associated problems are ear infections,
hearing loss, abnormal facial growth as well as dental
and cosmetic abnormalities. Individuals with CLAP
have low self-esteem and face difficulties during social
interaction.