http://www.revistadechimie.ro REV.CHIM.(Bucharest)♦68♦No. 10 ♦2017 2378 Chemical Reactions of Iodoform in the Study of Post-Extraction Alveolites CRISTIAN BUDACU 1 , MIHAI CONSTANTIN 1 , IULIA CHISCOP 2 , CARMEN GABRIELA STELEA 1 *, RALUCA DRAGOMIR 1 1 Grigore T. Popa University of Mecine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania 2 University Dunarea de Jos of Galati, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Dentistry, 47 Domneasca Str., 800008, Galai, Romania Post-operative alveolitis is a topical issue in dental practice, which is also reflected by the etiopathogenic aspects. The conservative principle requires the maintenance of dento-periodontal units in the arch for as long as possible, but there are situations where dental extraction is required. The healing process of the post- surgical wound is complex and involves processes of gingival mucosal regeneration and bone reshaping, involving several local factors: wound size, presence of infection, alveolar vascularization, intraalveolar foreign bodies, and general factors, especially general condition, age and body reactivity. The quality, structure, maintenance, and retraction of the clot are key factors in the formation of connective tissue during the healing of the post-extraction would. At the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of Galaþi, during a 2-year period between January 2015 and December 30, 2016, 2780 patients that required surgery - dental extraction were consulted and diagnosed. We found that among those 2780 patients with dental extractions 105 (3.77%) had post-treatment alveolitis. No post-surgical alveolitis from the case study was complicated by osteomyelitis of the jaws or by suppurations of the superficial or deep compartments of the face. The prophylactic measures in each dental extraction, together with the correct and timely curative treatment, combined with the dentist’s competence and responsibility, can shorten the time of suffering, actively combating the risk factor and accelerating the social reintegration of the patient with post-treatment alveolitis. Keywords: surgery, dental extraction, lumen retraction, bone regeneration, healing process Dental extraction is a radical intervention, by which the dental unit that erupted in the oral environment is removed using an instrumentation set specific to this work. It must be performed, when the presence of the tooth to be extracted causes negative repercussions on the optimal functionality of the dental system, which cannot be prevented by means of conservative procedures [1]. It is indicated in case of failure of conservative treatment methods, as well as in the case of teeth that determine and maintain local, regional or general pathological processes. In case that the extraction took place without any difficulty or incident, i.e. that the roots were completely extracted, no pathological elements were left in the alveolus and the operatory trauma did not cause extensive bone and mucosa lesions, we can usually observe reduced bleeding with a rapid and clear tendency of organizing a clot, which is actually the only protection of the remaining and exteriorized alveolar bone [2]. A blood clot is formed immediately after surgery. It compresses the alveolar walls, stops the hemorrhage and prevents a secondary hemorrhage. The alveolar wound is awakened 1-2 h after surgery, which is clinically manifested by a slight pain, for which various analgesics are recommended. The coming period is characterized by the retreat of the lumen of the alveolar space, even after several hours, as well as by the penetration of the blood clot with neoformation vessels and primitive vascularisation initiated from the gingival intraalveolar and apical arteries in the third and fourth day after the extraction [3]. The primary closure of the wound with peripheral epithelium takes place in the sixth and seventh day after the extraction, while the regeneration of the bone begins * email: carmenstelea@yahoo.com in the seventh or eighth day after the extraction. The vital elements of the clot are phagocytic [4]. During healing, clot formation is followed by the appearance of connective tissue and then bone tissue, which will be reshaped later. After this stage, a callus slowly fills the alveolus, while the lips of the alveolar wound approach and weld , reaching thus the primary scarring stage of the alveolar wound. The endo-alveolar clot is the biological bandage that protects a wound against microbial aggression in the oral environment, but it is also the essential element, which leads to scar organization through successive transformations and ultimately to filling the alveolar cavity with connective tissue and then with bone tissue [5]. The healing process of wounds is specific to living organisms. It is part of the survival mechanism and not an isolated phenomenon, given that it involves multiple biological events. New biocompatible materials accelerate the repair process or diminish bone loss [6]. Tissue repair, as a phase of the inflammatory reaction, is closely interdependent with biochemical, vascular, metabolic phenomena in response to injuries. The local repair phenomenon follows the inflammatory process and they are actually components of the same process. Cicatrization is closely related to the inflammatory reaction. The inflammatory phenomena that occur simultaneously with the healing process are: vascular, involving changes in caliber, reactivity, vascular permeability and rheodynamics; hemostatic, including denudation of collagen fibers in the wound and especially of the vascular collagen, which represents the most potent biological activator of coagulation factor XII (Hagemann factor); cytological, due to the action of phagocytes and immunocompetent cells that destroy microorganisms;