Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2016, 8(12):248-253 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 248 Synthesis and Leishmanicidal Evaluation of 5-Arylidine-Immuno- Thiazolidine 4 one derivative: An In-Vitro study Ali Fattahi Bafghi 1 , Elham Rezaei 2* , Hamid Nadri 3 and Arefeh Dehghani 4 1 Associate professor, Medical Parasitology and Mycology department, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2 Msc Parasitology, Medical Parasitology and Mycology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 3 Associate professor , Drug Chemistry Department, School of pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 4 Instructor, Biostatics and Epidemiology Department, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran _____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Introduction: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in developing countries. Glocantime has been recommended for CL treatment by W.H.O, there are some Restrictions in this case including high expense, side effects, frequent injections need, and incomplete efficacy. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in developing countries. Glocantime has been recommended for CL treatment by W.H.O, there are some Restrictions in this case including high expense, side effects, frequent injections need, and incomplete efficacy. The aim of the study was the efficacy of Synthesis and Leishmanicidal Evaluation of Aryl Immuno-5- Arylidine Thiazolidine 4- 1 derivative: An in vitro study. Materials and Methods: The design of the present probe was experimental (laboratory- trail); therefore, Iranian endemic species including Leishmania (L) tropica strain [MHOM/IR/NADIM3] was proliferated, and maintained in the standard culture. Then, the proper densities of Aryl Immuno-5- Arylidine Thiazolidine 4- 1 derivatives were provided and then sterilized and added to cultures containing parasite. Parasite numbers were counted in mentioned in cell proliferation ELISABrdu (Chemiluminescent). Results: Percentage of viability PMs Leishmania (L) tropica [MHOM/IR/NADIM3] in Concentrations of 1375, 2750, 5500 and 1100 mg/ml of 5-Arylidine-Immuno- Thiazolidine 4 one derivative and control showed statistically there was a significant difference, NOVA test, (P=0.000). And Percentage of viability PMs Leishmania (L) tropica [MHOM/IR/NADIM3] in Concentrations of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/ml of Glocantime and control showed statistically there was a significant difference, ANOVA test, (P=0.000). Conclusion: According to the results, 5-Arylidine-Immuno- Thiazolidine 4 one derivative is effect and may make it possible to use them in the treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis as a or alternative therapy; however, further studies are necessary and should be evaluated in cell culture and in vivo conditions to confirm it. Keywords: Leishmania tropica; Thiazolidine; 5-Arylidine-Immuno- Thiazolidine 4 one; In-vitro _____________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION The term Leishmaniasis collectively refers to various clinical syndromes caused by obligate intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania. It is one of the major infectious diseases affecting the continuing countries populations throughout the world and there are two million annual new reports in 88 countries. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of Leishmaniasis. It causes ulcers on exposed parts of the body, leaving life-long scars and