284 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology As per UGC guidelines an electronic bar code is provided to seure your paper International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, 7(12): 284-288, 2021 Copyright © 2021 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology ISSN: 2455-3778 online DOI: https://doi.org/10.46501/IJMTST0712054 Available online at: http://www.ijmtst.com/vol7issue12.html A Short Review on Diabetes Mellitus Sandhya Ranee Bhoi 1 , Kaustubh Singh 2 , Manmeet Kaur 3 and Rojina Swayamsiddha Sahu 4* 1 Jr. Lecturer, dept. of Home Science, Govt. Women’s College, Sambalpur, Odisha, India. 2 M.Sc Food Science & Technology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P., India. 3 M. Sc Food Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Panjab, India. *4 Guest faculty, dept. of Home Science, Govt. Women’s College, Sambalpur, Odisha, India. *Email: diet.rojinaa@gmail.com To Cite this Article Sandhya Ranee Bhoi, Kaustubh Singh, Manmeet Kaur and Rojina Swayamsiddha Sahu. A Short Review on Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 2021, 7 pp. 284-288. https://doi.org/10.46501/IJMTST0712054 Article Info Received: 15 November 2021; Accepted: 16 December 2021; Published: 20 December 2021 One of the most frequent non-communicable diseases in the world is diabetes mellitus. Diabetes management in India faces a number of obstacles, including increased prevalence in both urban and rural regions, a lack of public awareness of the disease, inadequate health-care facilities, high treatment costs, inefficient glycaemic control, and a rising prevalence of diabetic complications. Insulin therapy for diabetes is usually administered through subcutaneous injections four times a day. Patient compliance has been hampered by long-term insulin therapy, which is exacerbated by the intrusive nature of its delivery. This has influenced patient outcomes. Although type 1 diabetes is becoming increasingly common, the main cause of the diabetic epidemic is type 2 diabetes mellitus, which accounts for more than 90% of all diabetes occurrences. Type 2 diabetes is a dangerous and frequent chronic disease caused by a complex interaction of genes and environment, as well as other risk factors like obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. Keywords: Insulin, glycaemic index, sugar, eating habits, sedentary lifestyle, blood glucose level. INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a set of metabolic illnesses marked by hyperglycemia caused by problems with insulin secretion, insulin action, or both(Jana et al., 2019).It is a condition that affects carbs, lipids, and proteins. Diabetes mellitus is characterised by a defective or insufficient insulin secretory response, which results in impaired carbohydrate (glucose) utilisation, as well as hyperglycaemias(Kumar, 1992). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most prevalent endocrine illness, and it occurs when there is a deficit or lack of insulin, or, less typically, when insulin action (insulin resistance) is impaired (Ross and Wilson, 2010). According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), India's total diabetic population is estimated to be around 40.9 million people, with that figure expected to climb to 69.9 million by 2025 (Bacchetta et al., 2006). The pancreas produces both insulin and glucagon hormones. The beta (ß) cells secrete insulin, and the alpha (α) cells secrete glucagon, both of which are found in the Langerhans islets. Insulin inhibits glycogenesis and transports glucose into the muscles, liver, and adipose tissue, lowering blood glucose levels. Alpha cells play an important role in controlling blood glucose ABSTRACT