INTRODUCTION
Crops residues (CRs) are a form of roughages available to
livestock for feeding livestock after crops were harvested.
They are distinct from other agricultural by-products (such
as bran, oil cakes etc.) which are produced when crops are
processed. Generally, any plant materials that remain after
food crops were harvested are classified as a crop residue
(Jibrin et al., 2013). Crop residues have variety of uses
among farmers in Nigeria. However, CRs are principally;
used as a livestock feed, fuel firewood for roofing,
construction of local houses, and mulching in most rural
areas. Crop residues for livestock feeding are either pilled
in stacks near homesteads for subsequent livestock feeding
or are left on the farm for the animal to feed. The pilled
stacks are given to fattened animals in small quantity in the
morning and evening, sometimes to working oxen before
and after work (Jibrin et al., 2013). Alternatively, the
residues are left in the threshing ground and consumed by
animals together with the standing straws, which are left
for aftermath grazing (KEFTASA, 1987; Akinola et al.,
2015). As such, crop and livestock integration is an
integral part farming system in Nigeria for livelihood
enhancement of many rural households. It is on record
that, majority of smallholder farmers in Nigerian are
involved in crop, livestock, or crop-livestock agriculture.
Nigerian agricultural system is dynamic. Farmers who
were hitherto involved only in crop production have diver-
sified into crop-livestock production. Similarly, transhu-
mant pastoralists are increasingly turning in to agro-
pastoralists to observed sedentary life (Agyemang et al.,
1993). This change is on increased based on perceived
reciprocal benefits the two systems can offers.
The presidential committee on livestock production identi-
fied biological limitations of the indigenous breeds of
animals, seasonal availability of production inputs such as
feed, water, and good quality pasture to be among the
major constraints of livestock production in Nigeria.
The small ruminant’s holders in Nigeria do experience a
cyclical feed and pasture shortages for many years. During
dry-season both small and large ruminants lost weight and
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Use of double-hurdle model to crop residues usage among farming households in
Argungu Local Government Area, Kebbi State, Nigeria
M.S.M. Jabo and A. Gado
Department of Agricultural Economics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B 2346, Sokoto, NIGERIA
*
Corresponding author’s E-mail: sani.jabo@yahoo.com
Citation of this article: Jabo, M.S.M. and Gado, A. (2017). Use of double-hurdle model to crop residues usage among farming
households in Argungu Local Government Area, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 2(2): 72-78.
ARTICLE HISTORY
Received: 15 March 2017
Revised received: 13 April 2017
Accepted: 02 May 2017
Keywords
Crop residue
Double-Hurdle
Farming
Households
Livestock feed
Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research is to examine the crop residues use and its determinants in Argungu
Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria. A cross sectional data from 120 households select-
ed through a multistage and simple random sampling techniques. This research is timely given the
fact that, Nigerian Government is now shifting emphasis from oil -based to agricultural diversified
economy. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and double hurdle. Such an
approach has never been previously been applied to analyze crop residue usage in the study area
and the state at large. The descriptive statistics shows that, farmers preferred using crop residue for
feeding (44.1%) than any other purpose. Other important and competing uses of crop residue in-
cluded stall feeding, fire wood, house construction and mulching. The intensity of legume crop
residue was positively and statistically influenced by household education, land ownership, exten-
sion service and access to credit. However, the intensity to use cereal crop residues was positively
influenced by household education, extension service and access to electricity (p<0.05). The study
concludes crop residues were mainly used for own animal feeding in the area. Extension contact to
farm families, socio-economic variable (educational attainment, access to credit) and quantity of
crop residues influenced both the decision and intensity of CRs usage in the study area.
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Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 2 (2): 72-78 (2017)
e-ISSN: 2456-6632