111 Copyright © 2019, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 6 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5513-1.ch006 ABSTRACT In recent years, advancing technology has introduced a wide range of resources for military forces. This rapid improvement in the number and types of military resources also led to difculties in the manage- ment of resource allocation issues in combat missions. The general resource allocation problem can be defned as determining the optimal sequence of resource usage allocations while maximizing the kills on the enemy’s forces or minimizing casualties. In this chapter, the authors investigate the resource allocation problems and solution approaches observed in planning military missions. Theoretical background infor- mation and some examples based on real-time data are provided to illustrate the chosen problem types. INTRODUCTION Today, the conflicts and the precariousness which the countries have been faced are more complex than compared to the past. Nowadays, asymmetrical threats and terrorist activities have become more an issue than the conventional wars. Therefore, the counter-measures against these situations are substantially different. The technology advances quickly, and as a result, both the offensive and defensive systems have been evolved. With these rapid advances in military systems technologies, more capabilities are avail- able to the armed forces and planners. All these capabilities and the various types of threats bring out many different types of problems as well. One of the most important problem types among those is the optimization and allocation of the force resources. Optimization in Military Planning: Resource Allocation Problems Mehmet Gokhan Metin Marmara University, Turkey Serol Bulkan Marmara University, Turkey