Knowledge, Attitude towards Antibiotic Use, Prevalence and Associated Factors for Non-Adherence among Adult Outpatients in Public Health Facilities in Edo State, Nigeria Ekaete A. Tobin * , Martha Okonofua Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo state, Nigeria ABSTRACT Background: The observed poor prognosis in several infectious disease treatment emerging from antibiotic resistance has been attributed to failure to achieve optimum drug concentrations in vivo as a result of non-adherence to prescribed antibiotic therapy. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of non-adherence and associated factors in Nigeria. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, 800 consenting attendees at adult general outpatient clinics of 5 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Edo central senatorial district, Edo State, Nigeria were interviewed using pretested questionnaires following ethical approval to conduct the study. Independent variables were socio-demographic, knowledge (good/fair/poor), attitude (positive/negative), perceived doctor's support and perceived family support. The dependent variable was non-adherence to antibiotic treatment in the past 6 months. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Chi-square test was used for bivariate analysis and significant variables analyzed with multivariate logistic regression, with statistical significance, p, set as<0.05. Results: Response rate was 100%. Majority, 360 (45.0%), had poor knowledge and 74 (50.3%) had poor attitude towards antibiotics use. One hundred and forty-seven respondents (18.4%) had received an antibiotic prescription in the last 4 months, of which 75 (51.0%) did not complete the dose, with the most common reason given as remission of symptoms (65.3%). In multivariate analysis, attitude, perceived support from doctor and family members were negatively associated with non-adherence. Conclusion: Interventions to improve antibiotic adherence should be centred around education. clinician-patient interactions and fostering family support for the sick patient. Keywords:Non-adherence; Antibiotic; Misuse; Resistance; Public health; Medication; Risk factors INTRODUCTION Mediation non-adherence is a global problem that negatively impacts on therapeutic success, and deepens the economic burden placed on patients and the health system with the need for additional consultations, extra and possibly more expensive drug prescriptions, and increased hospitalization [1]. Non- adherence to prescribed antibiotics is another form of antibiotic misuse in a population. Studies have found that non-adherence has a strong causal relationship with antibiotic resistance due to failure to achieve optimum antibiotic drug concentrations. Determinants of non-adherence lie with the patient dispositions (socio-demographic, knowledge and perceptions towards antibiotics), the quality of doctor-patient relationship/ communication and factors related to the medication such as taste and dosing [2]. Common reasons cited for non-adherence to prescribed antibiotics have included a cessation of symptoms, forgetfulness, focus on other priorities, lack of information about the dose [3]. However, factors responsible for non- J o u r n a l o f I n f e c tio us D is ea s e s & D i a g n o si s ISSN: 2576-389X Journal of Infectious Diseases and Diagnosis Research Article Correspondence to: Ekaete A. Tobin, Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo state, Nigeria, Tel: +2348155368412; E-mail: ekaete.tobin@gmail.com Received: May 25, 2020; Accepted: June 08, 2020; Published: June 15, 2020 Citation: Tobin EA, Okonofua M (2020) Knowledge, Attitude towards Antibiotic Use, Prevalence and Associated Factors for Non-Adherence among Adult Outpatients in Public Health Facilities in Edo State, Nigeria. J Infect Dis Diagn.5.135. DOI: 10.35248/2576-389X.20.5.135 Copyright: ©2020 Tobin EA, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. J Infect Dis Diagn, Vol.5 Iss.1 No:135 1