Endothelin-1 activation in pediatric patients undergoing surgical coarctation of the aorta repair Benjamin Steven Frank, Tracy T Urban, Suhong Tong, Courtney Cassidy, Max B Mitchell, Christopher S Nichols, Jesse A Davidson Benjamin Steven Frank, Jesse A Davidson, Division of Car- diology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States Tracy T Urban, Children’s Hospital Colorado Research Institute, Aurora, CO 80045, United States Suhong Tong, Department of Biostatistics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States Courtney Cassidy, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, United States Max B Mitchell, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States Christopher S Nichols, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States ORCID number: Benjamin Steven Frank (0000-0002-2227-6265); Tracy T Urban (0000-0002-5064-9786); Suhong Tong (0000- 0002-0861-8775); Courtney Cassidy (0000- 0002-9560-6288); Max B Mitchell (0000-0002-8350-0646); Christopher S Nichols (0000-0002-2051-8136); Jesse A Davidson (0000-0001-9193-9803). Author contributions: Frank BS and Davidson JA primarily designed the research; Urban TT, Tong S, Cassidy C, Mitchell MB and Nichols CS contributed to study conception and design; Frank BS and Urban TT collected the clinical data; Cassidy C collected and analyzed the echocardiographic data; Tong S performed the statistical analysis; Frank BS and Davidson JA primarily wrote the article; Urban TT, Tong S, Cassidy C, Mitchell MB and Nichols CS contributed to editing, reviewing, and fnal approval of the article. Supported by NIH/NCATS Colorado CTSA, No. UL1 TR00 1082-04. Contents are the authors’ sole responsibility and do not necessarily represent offcial NIH views. The study sponsor had no input into the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, the writing of the report, and the decision to submit the paper for publication. Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Colorado Multiple Institution Review Board. Informed consent statement: Written informed consent was obtained from the study subjects’ parents in all cases. Written assent was obtained from all subjects aged between seven years and eighteen years. Confict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conficts of interest to disclose. Dr. Davidson is supported by NIH/NHLBI 1K23HL123634. This funding source was not used to generate the data presented in this manuscript. Data sharing statement: No additional data are available. Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Manuscript source: Unsolicited manuscript Correspondence to: Benjamin Steven Frank, MD, Academic Fellow, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Uni- versity of Colorado Denver, 13123 E. 16 th Ave, Box B100, Aurora, CO 80045, United States. benjamin.frank@childrenscolorado.org Telephone: +1-720-7771954 Fax: +1-720-7777290 Received: August 24, 2017 Peer-review started: August 25, 2017 First decision: September 25, 2017 Revised: October 21, 2017 Accepted: November 10, 2017 Article in press: November 10, 2017 Published online: December 26, 2017 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Submit a Manuscript: http://www.f6publishing.com DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v9.i12.822 822 December 26, 2017|Volume 9|Issue 12| WJC|www.wjgnet.com World J Cardiol 2017 December 26; 9(12): 822-829 ISSN 1949-8462 (online) World Journal of Cardiology WJC Observational Study