Blast and Earthquake Resistant Bridge Pier Concept:
Retrofit and Alternative Design Options
Pierre Fouché
1
, Michel Bruneau
2
, Vincent Chiarito
3
and Jared Minor
4
1
Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
2
Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
3
Vincent Chiarito, MSc, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg,
Mississippi, USA
4
Jared Minor, Eng., US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg,
Mississippi, USA
ABSTRACT
This paper summarizes a research program undertaken to develop cost-effective solutions
aimed at protecting new and existing bridge column bents against multiple natural and manmade
treats such as earthquakes and blast. Concrete-Filled Double Skin Tube (CFDST) column and
Modified Steel Jacketed Column (MSJC) designs were proposed and tested for new bent
construction and retrofit, respectively. While CFDSTs maintained their cross-section geometry in
dissipating energy under cyclic loading, under severe blast loading, they deformed locally to
dissipate the applied impulse and have enough residual strength to prevent collapse. MSJC, on
the other hand, were developed to eliminate a deficiency observed in the form of direct shear
failure near the top and/or the bottom of the jacket for steel jacketed column (SJC) subjected to
blast loading. The proposed modification increases direct shear resistance in the shear-deficient
areas and does not interfere with the ability of the jacketed columns to resist earthquake loading.
INTRODUCTION
There is a growing concern that bridges already prone to earthquakes actions may
become targets for terrorists seeking to inflict psychological and economic woes on this nation.
This concern is justified as threats have been received against bridges across the nation. In this
context, highway bridges seem more accessible and vulnerable than landmark bridges which are
closely monitored. In many instances, the destruction of a highway bridge can have profound
effects on the economic circuit those infrastructures support. Protecting those critical
components of the nation’s infrastructure requires a new paradigm for the design of bridges
exposed to natural and manmade hazards. One that relies on a system approach in which a single
structural concept is used to provide protection against all credible hazards is proposed in this
study. Such a concept should accommodate consistent demands imposed by the hazards and
provide satisfactory performance for conflicting demands. Because of their inherent structural
qualities, ranging from higher strength, substantial toughness and ductility and their applicability
to situations requiring accelerated constructions or repairs, CFDST and MSJC are proposed as
candidate concepts in that approach.