Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, January-March 2021, Vol. 15, No. 1 2569 Detection of Biochemical Causes the Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetes (Type II) Patients in Al-Muthanna Province Yusra Ali Hameed 1 , Jawad Kadhum Muraih 2 1 M.Sc., 2 Prof., Dr., Department of Chemistry, College of science, Al-Muthanna University, Iraq Abstract Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress, imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant scavenging that may play a role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and occurrence diabetic retinopathy as a result from increasing activity of free radicals and accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. Aim: To investigate the association between glycemic control, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status. Methodology: A descriptive cross - sectional study on non- probability was conducted (sample collection) of (232) type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Plain tubes, the tools and instruments that were used to collect data. Results: The results of the study revealed that dyslipidemia and hypertension were found to be more prevalent in the diabetic retinopathy subjects than the regular diabetic subjects. Plasma antioxidant levels were higher in the diabetic subjects than the diabetic retinopathy subjects while malondialdehyde levels were found to be higher in the diabetic retinopathy subjects. Conclusion: Duration of diabetes has very important effect on both MDA and uric acid levels for diabetic patients with/without retinopathy. Oxidative parameters value not infuence by residence as well as body mass index not has any effect on uric acid level. Keywords: Antioxidant Status, Oxidative Stress, Diabetic Retinopathy, Lipid Profle. Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common disease that caused by micro-vascular complication of diabetes, occurs in both T1, T2 DM and is secondary to prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia and other risk factors. In adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes, over 80% have some form of DR when the duration of diabetes is over 15 years. It is estimated that 90% of the blindness due to DR is preventable (1) (2) . Long term of high blood glucose levels in uncontrolled diabetes can be the cause of glucose auto-oxidation, nonenzymatic protein glycation and activation of the polyol pathway with increase oxidative stress. The global number of individuals with diabetes in 2000 was estimated to be 171 million (2.8% of the world›s population). The number of people with DM worldwide is projected to increase to 366 million by 2030, 298 million of whom will live in developing countries (3) (4) . There is a relationship between chronic hyperglycemia and long-term complications in diabetes. The long-term effects of diabetes include progressive evolution of micro-vascular complications, particularly in the eye and the kidney, and an increased frequency of macro-vascular disease such as peripheral vascular and coronary heart disease (3) (5) . Complications of micro- vascular and macro-vascular are the leading cause of Corresponding author: Jawad Kadhum Muraih e- mail: jmuraih@mu.edu.iq, Mobile, Viber, WhatsApp: +9647832000026