Anti-Site Defects in Perovskite YAlO
3
:Ce Using Aberration-Corrected STEM
Takayoshi Kishida,
1,2
Merry Koschan,
3
Mariya Zhuravleva,
3
Charles L. Melcher,
3
Gerd Duscher,
4
and
Matthew F. Chisholm
2
1
Department of Technology Group, Analysis & Simulation Center, Asahi Kasei Corporation, 2-1
Samejima, Fuji, Shizuoka, 416-8501, Japan
2
Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831,
USA
3
Scintillation Materials Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
4
Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
USA
The aluminate perovskites YAlO
3
have been identified as potential scintillator materials due to their
high light output and short decay time. However, the performance of YAlO
3
is still low. Despite the
promising optical properties of YAlO
3
, it has been proposed that their potential as scintillators has not
been fully realized[1]. Recently, the focus has been on carrier traps as the limiting factor in the
performance of YAlO
3
, but the nature of these traps has not been identified. An investigation using first-
principles calculations suggested that anti-site defects in which B-site Aluminum and A-site Yttrium are
interchanged have a lower energy than Shottky or Frenkel defects[2,3]. Despite numerous studies, there
is still no direct evidence to show the existence of anti-site defects.
We have used a fifth-order aberration-corrected Nion UltraSTEM200 scanning transmission electron
microscope to investigate the local atomic structure of YAlO
3
doped with 0.1% Ce. YAlO
3
:Ce
3+
are
expected to have both types of cation anti-site defects (Al on the Y site and Y on the Al site). High-
angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging was used to detect the presence of anti-site defects in
YAlO
3
:Ce
3+
.
A typical HAADF image from YAlO
3
:Ce
3+
is seen in Figure1b along with an image simulation based on
the multi-slice method. The image was obtained at 200 kV using a probe convergence angle of 30 mrad.
We can see some B-sites Al+O columns with brighter intensity as indicated by white circles and a blue
arrow in Figure1b. And we also can see an A-site column with reduced intensity as indicated by a red
arrow in Figure1b and as shown line profile in Figure 2. To interpret these intensity variations, HAADF
image simulations using a structure with between 0-10% Y on the Al B-site and 0-10% Al on the A-site
Y were performed. As shown in Figure 2, the experimental and simulated intensities at A-sites and B-
sites with and without 10% anti-site defects are in good agreement. Additional details on these
YAlO
3
:Ce crystals provided by DFT calculations and optical property measurements will be discussed.
References
[1] D.J.Singh et al., Phys. Rev. B 76 (2007) 214115.
[2] Maja M Kuklja, J.Phys.:Condens. Matter 12 (2000) p.2953.
[3] C.R.Stanek et al., J.Appl.Phys. 99 (2006) 113518.
[4] This work was supported in part by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences
and Engineering Division (M.F.C.) and the U.S. Department of Energy, NA-22 under Grant DE-
NA0000473.
132
doi:10.1017/S1431927614002384
Microsc. Microanal. 20 (Suppl 3), 2014
© Microscopy Society of America 2014