Research Article Comparative Study of Leaf and Rootstock Aqueous Extracts of Foeniculum vulgare on Chemical Profile and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Activities Karima Sayah , 1 Nasreddine El Omari , 2 Mourad Kharbach, 1 Abdelhakim Bouyahya, 3 Rabie Kamal, 4 Ilias Marmouzi, 1 Yahia Cherrah, 1 and My El Abbes Faouzi 1 1 Biopharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco 2 Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco 3 Laboratory of Human Pathology Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco 4 Pharmacodynamy Research Team ERP, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco Correspondence should be addressed to Karima Sayah; karimasayah31@gmail.com and Nasreddine El Omari; nasrelomari@ gmail.com Received 23 June 2020; Revised 6 August 2020; Accepted 20 August 2020; Published 1 September 2020 Academic Editor: Ergin Murat Altuner Copyright © 2020 Karima Sayah et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Foeniculumvulgare is a medicinal plant used in Moroccan folk medicine to treat several diseases such as diabetes. e aim of this study was to determine the phenolic bioactive compounds and to evaluate the antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activities of Foeniculum vulgare leaf and rootstock extracts. Phenolic compounds of F. vulgare rootstock and leaf extracts were determined using HPLC-DAD-QTOFMS analysis. e antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS •+ ) radicals. Moreover, the in vitro antihyperglycemic effects were tested by measuring the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. HPLC-DAD-QTOFMS analysis identified thirty-two phenolic components in both leaf and rootstock extracts. Caffeic acid, quinic acid, and chlorogenic acid were the major compounds of F.vulgare leaf extract (FVLE), while the main compound of F.vulgare rootstock extracts (FVRE) was quinic acid. In the DPPH assay, F.vulgare leaf extract showed important antioxidant activity (IC 50 � 12.16 ± 0.02 μg/mL) than F.vulgare rootstock extract (IC 50 � 34.36 ± 0.09 μg/mL). Moreover, fennel leaf extracts revealed also the most powerful antioxidant activity (IC 50 � 22.95 ± 0.4 μg/mL) in the ABTS assay. e in vitro antihyperglycemic activity showed that F. vulgare rootstock extract exhibited a remarkable inhibitory capacity (IC 50 � 194.30 ± 4.8 μg/mL) of α-amylase compared with F. vulgare leaf extract (IC 50 � 1026.50 ± 6.5 μg/mL). Furthermore, the inhibition of α-glucosidase was more importantly with F.vulgare rootstock (IC 50 of 165.90 ± 1.2 μg/mL) than F. vulgare leaf extracts (203.80 ± 1.3 μg/mL). e funding of this study showed that F. vulgare rootstock and leaf extracts presented several phenolic compounds and showed important antioxidant and antidiabetic effects. We suggest that the identified molecules are responsible for the obtained activities. However, further studies focusing on the isolation and the determination of antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of F. vulgare rootstock and leaf main compounds are required. 1. Introduction Recourse to the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases has been common since antiquity [1, 2]. e low risk of side effects allows them to be considered a good alter- native to synthesized products [3, 4]. Nowadays, the prev- alence of diabetes is constantly increasing; it is a chronic disease characterized by a deficiency of endogenous insulin Hindawi Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Volume 2020, Article ID 8852570, 9 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8852570