Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of Wastewater Treatment Processes for the Removal of Plastic Derived Nitrogen Compounds in Municipal Landfill Leachate Kandasamy Ramani, Maseed Uddin, Krishnan Venkatesan Swathi, Rajasekaran Muneeswari, and Mohan Thanmaya Abstract This chapter discusses the various wastewater treatment processes for the removal of nitrogen emissions from the plastic compounds present in municipal landfill leachate. The chapter briefs on the types of plastics and the means of plastic degradation that result in the emission of nitrogen into the waste stream and also describe the major state of the art of some of the most common biological processes such as Partial nitrification process, Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX), Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON), NO x process and Oxygen-limited nitrification and denitrification (OLAND) process were discussed. In addition, conventional physicochemical methods such as break-point chlorination, ion exchange, membrane processes, precipitation and stripping are also summarized. Also, this chapter reviewed on the future challenges and perceptions on the mitigation of the nitrogen contamination by using advanced sustainable and eco-friendly plastic resources. Keywords Municipal landfill leachate · Types of plastics · Plastics degradation · Plastic derived nitrogen compounds · Nitrogen emission · Biological processes 1 Introduction Plastics transformed medicine with life-saving equipment, lightened cars and jets, made space exploration a reality and saved millions of lives with helmets, incuba- tors, and devices for clean drinking water. The amenities plastics paved the way to a throw-away mentality that exposes the dark side of this material. Today, single-use plastics account for 40% of the plastic produced every year [1]. Plastic pollution is one of the most persistent environmental problems, as swiftly growing manufacture K. Ramani (B ) · M. Uddin · K. V. Swathi · R. Muneeswari · M. Thanmaya Biomolecules and Biocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India e-mail: ramanik@srmist.edu.in © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 G. Benckiser (ed.), Soil and Recycling Management in the Anthropocene Era, Environmental Science and Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51886-8_1 1