3081
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences (SJAMS) ISSN 2320-6691 (Online)
Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2014; 2(6D):3081-3086 ISSN 2347-954X (Print)
©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher
(An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources)
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Research Article
Socio-demographic Profile of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension in a Tertiary
Care Centre
Shikha Saxena
1
, Prem Chandra Srivastava
2
, K. V. Thimmaraju
3
, Ayaz K. Mallick
4
, Kanchan Dalmia
5
,
Biswajit Das
6
1,4
Assistant Professor,
3
Professor & Head,
6
Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Rohilkhand Medical College
& Hospital, Bareilly-243006, U.P., India
2
Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly-243006, U.P.,
India
5
Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly-
243006, U.P., India
*Corresponding author
Dr. Shikha Saxena
Email:
Abstract: Pregnancy induced hypertension complicates approximately 6% of pregnancies globally and is the most
important cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. In our prospective case-control study, socio-
demographic profile was studied in 70 PIH subjects (case) divided into three groups as gestational hypertension, pre-
eclampsia and eclampsia, and 70 normotensive pregnant women (control) belonging to age group 18 - 40 years at
gestational age of >20 weeks. Women who developed pregnancy induced hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation,
majority of them were rural dweller Hindus with lower economic status. PIH women between 21 - 30 years of age
constituted the major chunk (77.14%) and majority of the PIH subjects (57.14%) were primigravida. Overall, 54.29%
PIH subjects belonged to more than 36 weeks of gestational age. Thus, the development of PIH was more common
among the women married and conceived at an early age, and primigravida with higher gestational age. Awareness
regarding socio-demographic risk factors for PIH shall be helpful in reducing the PIH related morbidity and mortality.
Keywords: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension, Eclampsia, Primigravida, Gestational age
INTRODUCTION
Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)
includes a group of hypertensive disorders developed
due the gravid state after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It
includes gestational hypertension with blood pressure
≥140/90 mm of Hg without proteinuria, pre-eclampsia
which is gestational hypertension with proteinuria, and
eclampsia defined as pre-eclampsia with convulsions.
PIH complicates approximately 6% of pregnancies
globally [1] and is the most important cause of maternal
and neonatal morbidity and mortality [2].
The incidence of pr-eclampsia in nulliparous
population ranges from 3 to 10 per cent worldwide [3].
Incidence of eclampsia in the developed countries is
about 1 in 2000 deliveries [4] as compared to
developing countries [5-7] where it varies from 1 in 100
to 1 in 1700. The national incidence of PIH is 15.2% in
India, while it is four times higher in primipara women
than in multipara [8, 9]. 13% of the maternal deaths are
in the women with pregnancy induced hypertension and
eclampsia, the most terrible form that accounts for
major cause of death [10]. The high incidence observed
has pointed towards poverty, lack of education and
unawareness regarding health care in this part of the
world.
PIH is more common in primiparous, women
of younger age, high maternal age, multiple
pregnancies, obese women and hydatiform mole.
Previous history of PIH is also an important risk factor
for the development of PIH. In addition, the genetic
factor is also involved; patients who have a family
history of pregnancy induced hypertension, especially
in mother or sister are at higher risk [11]. The age of
mother is also important; with increasing age, the risk
of pregnancy induced hypertension increases [12].
The present work was conducted to study the
socio-demographic profile and to find out the risk
factors among antenatal mothers with pregnancy
induced hypertension.