International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438 Volume 4 Issue 6, June 2015 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Toxicity Assay on Platinum Nano Particles to Fresh Water Fish ―Cirrhinus Mrigala” Dr. Y. Thangam 1 , C. Veeramani 2 PG and Research Department of Zoology, J.K.K.Nattraja College of Arts and Science College, Kumarapalayam, Namakkal Dt, Tamilnadu, India. Abstract: In the present study platinum nanoparticles were exposed to freshwater fish Cirrhinusmrigala and the toxicity(acute and sublethal) assay were investigated. The Lethal concentration value were noted. The median lethal concentration (LC 50) of platinum to an Indian major carp Cirrhinusmrigala for 24 hours and 96 hours were found to be 12 mg/L and 6 mg/L. The main toxic action of platinum on aquatic animals during acute and sublethal toxicity leads to mortality due to metal accumulation in fishes through the gills. During acute treatment of platinum, the fish Cirrhinusmrigala showed behavioral changes such as loss of balance, restlessness, abnormal swimming. During sublethal treatment of platinum, the fish Cirrhinusmrigalashowed the changes such as the gulping of air, opercular movement, erratic jumping. Keywords: Platinum nanoparticles, fish Cirrhinusmrigala, Bioassay(acute and sublethal). 1. Introduction Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing science which deals with structures with at least one dimension of the size of one hundred nanometres and involves producing materials and devices of that size. Among these nanomaterials, nanoparticles (NPs) are now playing a crucial role in the field of nanotechnology. (Houškaet al., 2008, 2009a, b). There is a wide array of fascinating nanoparticulate technologies capable of targeting different cells and extracellular elements in the body to deliver drugs, genetic materials, and diagnostic agents specifically to these locations (Zhang et al., 2006, Bhattacharya, 2007).While the commercialization of nanoparticles is rapidly expanding, their health and environmental impact is not well understood. Toxicity assays of platinum nanoparticles, were recorded in terms of mortality. Among the nanoparticles Pt NPs plays an important role in the toxic effects exhibited by the fishes as a consequence of nanoparticle exposure, accompanied by the metals inside the body (Asharani, et al., 2010). Platinum are widely used in automobile catalytic converters and emitted into the environment and enter the aquatic ecosystem via runoff rainwater. Platinum (Pt) is a malleable, silvery white, noble metal widely but sparingly distributed over the earth’s crust. It is found mainly as the isotopes with atomic weights of 194, 195 and 196, with a maximum oxidation state of +6, the oxidation states of +2 and +4 being the most stable. This platinum enters through water and causes pollution. Water pollution monitoring becomes a crucial problem as more and more contaminants enter the aquatic environment every year. The current trend is prediction of the toxicity level using various measurable attributes of the aquatic environment for bio monitoring (Pace, 2001). Pollution from toxic chemicals and their waste generates concern, because they effect human health, environment (water resources, air quality, and soil), ecology, (Pandey et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2009). Although aquatic ecosystems are equipped with a variety of physico-chemical and biological mechanism to eliminate or reduce adverse effects of toxic substances, toxicants may evoke changes in developments, growth, reproduction and behavior or may cause death of freshwater organisms (Offem and Ayotunde, 2008). A great deal of research has therefore been conducted to understand the effects of toxicants on the physiology of aquatic organisms especially in fish (Wood, 2001). Toxicological studies of the pollutants upon aquatic organisms are very important from the point of environmental consequences (Krishnaniet al., 2003). Many contaminants originating from direct discharges or from hydrologic and atmospheric processes are ultimately deposited in ecosystems (Lamas et al., 2007). As direct analysis of such substances does not provide information about their effect on the ecosystem, the use of biomonitors is a highly recommended option because biomonitors respond specifically to the bioavailable pollutant loads (Ruelas- Inzunza and Paez-Osuna, 2000).To do so, the development of different biomarkers to investigate the in vivo effects of contaminants is a priority requirement to reveal the action mechanisms of toxicants (Oliveira Ribeiro et al., 2006). Aquatic toxicology generally involves the measurement of contaminant levels to characterize the hazards imposed on the aquatic environment; however, this field of study includes information on how those contaminants can affect humans in and around these aquatic environments. Aquatic toxicity of xenobiotics often can be very helpful impredicting and preventing acute damage to aquatic life in receiving water as well as regulating toxic wastes discharges (Vutukuruet al., 2005).Since fish are the chief source of protein to the people of India, in the present study Cirrhinusmrigala is used as an experimental animal for testing the toxicity of platinum in fresh water. Mrigal, being a bottom feeder, and is more prone to the stress effect of toxic Platinum. To our knowledge, only limited data are available on the effects of acute and sublethal exposure of Platinum toxicity to major carps particularly on Cirrhinusmrigala. Information on the physiological response of Cirrhinusmrigalato acute and sublethal exposure of platinum toxicity will help for the better management. Hence in the present investigation an Paper ID: 05051503 3102