International Journal of Advanced Computer Research, Vol 7(33)
ISSN (Print): 2249-7277 ISSN (Online): 2277-7970
http://dx.doi.org/10.19101/IJACR.2017.733022
213
A framework for harmla alkaloid extraction process development using fuzzy-
rough sets feature selection and J48 classification
Farid A. Badria
1
, Mohamed M. Abu Habib
1
, Nora Shoaip
2
and Mohammed Elmogy
2*
Pharmacognosy Department Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
1
Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
2
Received: 23-August-2017; Revised: 03-November-2017; Accepted: 06-November-2017
©2017 ACCENTS
1.Introduction
Peganum harmala (Zygophyllaceae) is an herb native
to the dry area of the Mediterranean east to northern
India. The plant originated in Central Asia, but now
grows wild in Africa, Middle East, India, South
America, Mexico, and Southern USA [1]. Seeds of
Peganum harmala are growing widespread in Egypt.
They are used as an anti-hemorrhoid and central
nervous system (CNS) stimulating agent in folk
medicine. Seeds stimulate the CNS, cause paralysis
and are poisonous in strong doses [2]. Harmine and
the resembled alkaloids are hallucinogens, serotonin
antagonists, short-term monoamine oxidase (MAO)
inhibitors and CNS stimulants. Little doses (25-50
mg) have a cerebral stimulant effect. Sometimes, it
may cause drowsy state for half hour. Bigger dosages
up to 750 mg may cause hallucination. Its intensity
changes depending on persons using it [3].
*Author for correspondence
These alkaloids have a broad spectrum of
pharmacological actions, including binding to
benzodiazepine receptors, convulsive or
anticonvulsive actions, tremor genesis, anxiolytic and
behavioral effects, anti-oxidative action, and
immunomodulatory effects.
Peganum harmala is one of the plants, which purifies
the atmosphere, because of its antiseptic property. It
is usually used when the epidemic appears by
burning the seeds and use its smoke. The burning
process is done by placing it on burning coal. In an
epidemic, the air becomes septic and pathogens
spread out. In old age, it was presumed that the bad
smell of the smoke could get rid of the ghosts.
Peganum harmala seeds also produce a red dye. So,
it was a source of the richly colored textile dye.
Various fractions of Peganum harmala and its
alkaloids (Harmine, Harmaline, Harmol, and
Harmalol) has been reported to have Antimicrobial
activity. Harmaline, which is the major alkaloid
Research Article
Abstract
Medicinal plants as the pivotal source of alternative and complementary medicine have recently supported some hopes in
alleviating of symptomatology associated with many diseases. The optimization and development of an efficient method
for extracting effective medical substances from wild plants have great importance from both medical and economic
prospectives. Therefore, the growing significance of using machine learning algorithms has become an influential
positive factor in pushing exploration the pharmacological activities from medicinal plants. Peganum harmala is a
widespread species growing as a wild plant in Egypt. It is proved to be useful as an anti-hemorrhoid, anthelmintic, and
central nervous system (CNS) stimulating agent in folk medicine. Alkaloids, mainly harmine, harmaline, harmol, and
harmalol, represent the major active constituent of the seeds of Peganum harmala. In this paper, a real-world case study
of Peganum harmala involving extraction of alkaloids from its seeds using machine learning algorithms is presented.
Therefore, dried powdered seeds of Peganum harmala were extracted using 70% methanol by the conventional
maceration method. The extraction process was carried out 80 times for three runs using 11 variables, including the
volume and concentration of organic solvent, HCl, temperature, and PH. This study proposes a fuzzy rough technique
with J48 classification model to find the best extraction procedure for the Peganum harmala. The accuracy is evaluated
using 10-fold cross-validation. The experimental results of this proposed intelligent model showed a better understanding
tool to present the scientific rule for increasing harmala alkaloid yield range to be around 5%.
Keywords
Peganum harmala, Extraction process, Fuzzy-rough sets, Feature selection, J48.