International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS) Peer-Reviewed Journal ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O) Vol-8, Issue-12; Dec, 2021 Journal Home Page Available: https://ijaers.com/ Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.812.35 www.ijaers.com Page | 347 The Second Nature in Augustine and Pascal Zilmara de Jesus Viana de Carvalho 1 , Romilson Ferreira da Silva 2 , Moisses Bacelar Campelo³ 1 Doctor and professor of the Postgraduate Program in Culture and Society/UFMA 2 Master student in Culture and Society/UFMA 3 Master in Culture and Society/UFMA Received: 03 Nov 2021, Received in revised form: 11 Dec 2021, Accepted: 18 Dec 2021, Available online: 27 Dec 2021 ©2021 The Author(s). Published by AI Publication. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Keywords — Anthropological, Original Sin, Second Nature, The Fall. Abstract — This article aims to show that the theme of second nature is central in Augustine and Pascal's thoughts, it is also the foundation of their anthropological reflection that the Bishop of Hippo develops from his researches on the origin of evil while the Jansenist reacts against to rationalist pretensions in the 17th century. We prove how the concept of second nature allows these authors the presentation possibilities of man within a historical-temporal context, considering different social and human cultural issues. It begins at thematic such as the fall and the original sin; Augustine as much as Pascal carries these categories from a theological plan to a context of reason which both thinkers transform in hypothesis for basing current status or after the fall. Thus, Augustine and Pascal give to us a reflection about the human condition in a standard that submits itself neither to fideism nor to rationalism, they set up their anthropological perspectives balancing faith and reason, through this standard analysis. I. INTRODUCTION We can note in Augustine as well as in Pascal’s thoughts the effort of justifying theological elements as categories that formed the basis for both authors developing their analysis on the human being. Consequently, these elements are no longer only theological since they perfectly adjust themselves to the rational context. In this work, it concentrates on the second nature which in the Bishop of Hippo and in the Jansenist have as scenario the fall and the original sin according to biblical narrative. The second nature substantiates itself in the finitude of human existence context that is the current place of our condition which historical and contradictory situation emphasizes. In this scenario are all the human faculties as well as all the constructs that come from their creativity. Hence, these circumstances that are results of the Adamic fall acts as the basis of every political, historical, and philosophical reflection in addition to every scientific development. We can constantly observe, thus, in both authors, theological elements transition, namely, items of faith as the philosophical premises for analyzing the human condition. Therefore, it uses these biblical categories, such as the fall and the original sin, for Augustine and Pascal, each in their own way, could develop analyses that come out from theological space to anthropological field; and, since the moment in which these categories overcome their place of origin, they get legitimacy within the space of rationality when are applied in the anthropological perspective. It is important to note that both Augustine and Pascal, despite using the same categories in the human condition analysis, start from different interests. As the Bishop of Hippo responded to the Manicheans and Pelagians, both positions presented different anthropological approaches, with which Augustine held exhaustive debates; the Jansenist thinker reacted, on other hand, to the humanism of the 17th century, especially when it was embodied in