Communal Approaches to Indian History Sectarianism is an ideology that states that society is divided into religious communities with different interests and opposites at one time. The enmity between people of one community against people of another community and religion can be called ' communalism'. This hostility goes to the extent of falsely accusing, harming, and intentionally insulting a particular community and can lead to looting, burning down the homes and shops of helpless and vulnerable, abusive women, and even massacres. It can be linked to the struggle of the elite class of communities. It can be described as a social phenomenon characterized by the religion of the two communities, which often leads to aggression, tension, and riots between them. In its entirety, it equates to discrimination against religious groups in matters of employment, education, commerce, politics, and so on. Bipanchandra believes that communalism is a product of a particular society, economy, and humility, which divides people into religious and dependent on economic differences. Thus, communalism is an ideological tool for the promotion of economic and political interests. It is a tool in the hands of the upper class to concentrate power by dividing the people and its origin and growth is widely understood that it was born, nurtured, and promoted by British imperialism as a deliberate form of sowing discord. It serves the purpose of dividing and governing the colonial administration. Thus, the use of prevailing religious differences was seen first as a manifestation of social and cultural diversity and then as a way to promote political divisions not as Indian people but as members of different religious communities. The first years of the 20th century were stormy and this was the time when the greatest disaster in history took place. The political scenario changed. The British were feeling a little uncomfortable and the dissatisfaction spread. Political dissatisfaction increased as the government failed to organize effective aid during the plague and famine. In order to contain the discontent, the British played the political trump card with great serenity. For the first time they used their political game of division and rule with great force. From 1870 onwards, the British, Hindus and Muslims began to encourage the establishment of their own political parties to establish their different religious identities. Perhaps this was the beginning of the communalization of politics. The British not only encouraged the two communities to form political parties on a religious basis, but took various constructive steps to create a situation in which Hindus and Muslims would be forced to think as if their religious identities were in danger. The high point was the division of Bengal in 1905 and it was carried out on a communal basis. The main forces that have promoted the development of communalism in contemporary India are the economic backwardness of Muslims, the growth of sectarian parties and organizations, the electoral compulsions of political parties, communal media, literature and textbooks, segregation, and segregation among Muslims. On the contrary, communal riots in the country are more politically