Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021 Apr 22; 9(A):183-188. 183
Scientifc Foundation SPIROSKI, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2021 Apr 22 9(A):183-188.
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5982
eISSN: 1857-9655
Category: A - Basic Sciences
Section: Pharmacology
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Botto-Botto Leaf Fraction
(Chromolaena Odorata L.) Using DPPH and ABTS Methods
Karlina Amir Tahir
1,5
*, Upik A. Miskad
2
, Khairuddin Djawad
3
, Sartini Sartini
4
, Natsir Djide
4
, Khaerani Khaerani
1
, Maulita Indrisari
5
1
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UIN Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia;
2
Department of
Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia;
3
Department of Dermatology and
Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia;
4
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin,
Makassar, Indonesia;
5
Postgraduate Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Antioxidants are substances that can inhibit the oxidation process, so that they have a protective
efect on cells from the dangers of free radicals. One of the plants that has activity as natural antioxidants is Botto-
Botto leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.).
AIM: This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the Botto-Botto leaf fraction using the DPPH and ABTS
methods.
METHODS: The leaves of Botto-Botto (Chromolaena odorata L.) obtained from Takalar District, South Sulawesi are
sorted, dried and pollinated. The powder was immersed in 70% ethanol solvent and sonicated. Furthermore, the
extraction was carried out by maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent and fractionated using water, n-hexane,
and n-butanol as solvents and dried. The fractionation results were continued for antioxidant testing using the DPPH
and ABTS methods.
RESULTS: The n-butanol fraction of Botto-Botto leaves had the highest antioxidant activity, namely the strong
active category. In the DPPH and ABTS methods, the n-butanol fraction has IC50 values of 33.535 µg / mL and
60.885 µg / mL, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The DPPH and ABTS methods, the n-butanol fraction of botto-botto leaves have strong antioxidant
activity compared to other fractions, namely the water fraction and the n-hexane fraction.
Edited by: Sinisa Stojanoski
Citation: Tahir KA, Miskad UA, Djawad K, Sartini S, Djide
N, Khaerani K, Indrisari M. Analysis of Phytochemical
Substances and Antioxidant Activity of Botto-Botto Leaves
(Chromolaena odorata L.). Open Access Maced J Med
Sci. 2021 Apr 22; 9(A):183-188. https://doi.org/10.3889/
oamjms.2021.5982
Keywords: Antioxidant; Botto-Botto (Chromolaena
odorata L.); 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl; 2, 2’-azinobis
(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt
*Correspondence: Karlina Amir Tahir, Department of
Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Alauddin State Islamic University, Makassar, Indonesia.
E-mail: karlina.amir@uin-alauddin.ac.id
Received: 07-Mar-2021
Revised: 01-Apr-2021
Accepted: 14-Apr-2021
Copyright: © 2021 Karlina Amir Tahir, Upik A. Miskad,
Khairuddin Djawad, Sartini Sartini, Natsir Djide, Khaerani
Khaerani, Maulita Indrisari
Funding: This study was supported by the 5000 Doctoral
Scholarship Program in 2018
Competing Interest: The authors have declared that no
competing interest exists
Open Access: This is an open-access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Introduction
The medicinal properties of plants are caused
by the active chemical elements present in various
plant parts. This chemical element has a physiological
efect on the human body. The most important bioactive
compounds from plants are alkaloids, favonoids,
tannins, and phenolics. Phytochemical research based
on ethnopharmacological information is generally
considered a practical approach to discovering new
antioxidants from higher plants [1], [2], [3].
Antioxidants are broadly defned as substances
that inhibit the oxidation process from protecting cells
from the dangers of free radicals that arise from body
metabolism or other external factors. Chemically,
natural antioxidants found in plants and foodstufs are
mainly derived from phenol-derived compounds such as
favonoids (quercetin) [4], [5], [6]. Chromolaena odorata
(Family: Asteraceae) is synonymous with Eupatorium
odoratum, a traditional medicinal plant widely used
for its wound healing properties. Some parts of this
plant have been used to treat wounds, burns, and skin
infections [7]. Furthermore, this plant has been shown
to have an anticancer, antidiabetic, antihepatotoxic,
anti-infammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant profle
[8]. The phytochemical components are alkaloids,
favonoids, favanones, essential oils, phenolics,
saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Other important
constituents of this plant are Eupolin, chromomoric acid,
quercetin, and quercetin. The efciency of wound healing
comes from the drug or plant’s antioxidant properties,
which increase the preservation of fbroblasts and the
proliferation of keratinocytes in the wound [9], [10], [11].
Oxidation is an essential process in living
things. Free radicals are produced from metabolic
pathways or environmental sources that interact
continuously with biological systems. Reactive oxygen
species (ROS) are the most signifcant primary catalysts
that initiate the oxidation process in vivo and in vitro
and generate oxidative stress [12]. Antioxidants have
the ability to destroy free radicals and maintain body
cells, including immune cells, from oxidation stress.
The potential antioxidant efects of these plants are