International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2017): 7.296 Volume 7 Issue 12, December 2018 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Population Density and Intensity of Traffic Connection: Spatial Analysis (Overlay) Muhammad Ichsan Ali 1 , Muhammad Raiz Abidin 2 1 Department of Civil and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia 2 Department of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract:Congestion is one of the most significant issues which recently experienced by many cities around the world especially in developing countries such as Indonesia since the world undergoes rapid economic and human development. Rappocini district, one of the districts located in Makassar city Indonesia, is currently experiencing massive construction because of this area based on the urban planning of Makassar city associated as a residential zone which may lead to the massive potential congestion. Therefore, this study tries to analyze how population density intervenes level of service of the road. Traffic survey is a method used to collect primary data in the form of classified traffic data (PCU/hour) then analyzed using the 1997 Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (IHCM) reference and Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2016. Regression analysis (SPSS) and spatial (overlay) which is used later to analyze and visualize the correlation between population density and road service level. The result shows that the population density does not cause the level of congestion. However, congestion is influenced by several factors consisted of the number of populations, population density, highway capacity and the daily average of traffic. Population density value does not influence the level of service of the road because Rappocini district is the main gate to access the Makassar city from the south of Sulawesi; therefore, the congestion mostly caused by the commuter from Gowa and TakalarRegency. Keywords:Congestion, Commuters, Level of Service, Population Density. 1. Introduction Increased congestion on urban roads and off-city roads due to improved vehicle ownership, increased economic activity, limited resources for highway construction, and the low operation of existing traffic facilities, are the main problems in Indonesia as are many other countries in the world. One step that is encouraged is by adding capacity, which will require effective methods that are by the characteristics of traffic in Indonesia for design and planning so that the best value for financing is obtained by considering direct costs and safety and environmental impacts[1]. The development of transportation causes traffic problems in urban areas, including accidents, lack of parking spaces for private vehicles, and traffic congestion[2]. Congestion is a problem in the scope of transportation that is almost faced by all countries in the world. When a state is in the industrial stage where massive infrastructure developments such as the construction of roads and bridges occur, it can have an adverse effect, namely congestion[3]. Congestion increases when the flow is so significant that the vehicles are very close to each other. Traffic congestion on highways occurs when the traffic flow of vehicles increases with increasing travel demand in each period and the number of road users exceeds the existing capacity [4]. Traffic depends on the capacity of the road, the amount of traffic that wants to move, but if the size of the way cannot accommodate, then the existing traffic will be hampered and will flow according to the maximum road network capacity[5].According to [6], stating that congestion can be caused by factors such as the construction of skyscrapers, expansion of road and bridge networks, traffic rules, driver behavior, and population explosion Increased stinging road users are closely related to population explosion, this is because the population will always do mobility at all times, the mobility referred to here is more emphasized in the movement in an effort to improve welfare[7]. Therefore, an increase in population directly can lead to a rise in the need for the use of transportation equipment such as cars, motorbikes. Moreover, can indirectly cause congestion, especially if the existing road capacity is unable to accommodate the increase in the number of vehicles[8]. The losses incurred because of this congestion problem if quantified in monetary units are enormous, namely losses because the travel time becomes longer and longer, vehicle operating costs become more abundant, and the pollution of vehicles produced increases[9]. In traffic jams the vehicle crawls at a deficient speed, the use of fuel becomes very wasteful, the vehicle's engine wears out faster and the vehicle exhaust produced has a higher concentration content. In conditions of congestion, drivers tend to be impatient which leads to undisciplined actions which ultimately worsen the situation of further congestion[10]. Spatial analysis is a set of methods for finding and describing the level/pattern of a spatial phenomenon so that it can be better understood[11]. By conducting spatial analysis, new information is expected to emerge which can use as a basis for decision making in the area under study [12]. The methods used are very varied, from visual observation to the use of mathematics/applied statistics [3]. As a method, spatial analysis seeks to assist planners in analyzing the condition of the problem based on data from the target area [4]. Moreover, the concepts that underlie a spatial analysis are distance, direction, and relationships. The combination of the three regarding a region will vary to form a significant difference that distinguishes one location from another[13]. Thus, the distance, direction, and relationship between the Paper ID: ART20193492 10.21275/ART20193492 546