Lokesh et al., J Chromatogr Sep Tech 2017, 8:4 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7064.1000380 Research Article Open Access Journal of Chromatography Separation Techniques J o u r n a l o f C h r o m a t o g r a p h y & S e p a r a t i o n T e c h n i q u es ISSN: 2157-7064 Volume 8 • Issue 4 • 1000380 J Chromatogr Sep Tech, an open access journal ISSN: 2157-7064 *Corresponding author: Ratnakar Ravindra Chitte, Vidya Pratishthan’s School of Biotechnology, Vidyanagari, Baramati, Maharashtra-413 133, India, Tel: +919764910312; E-mail: rrc10@rediffmail.com Received August 21, 2017; Accepted August 25, 2017; Published August 31, 2017 Citation: Chitte RR, Nagare SL, Date PK, Shinde BP (2017) Detection of Phytoconstituents of Medicinal Plant Terminalia arjuna Using Chromatographic Techniques. J Chromatogr Sep Tech 8: 380. doi: 10.4172/2157-7064.1000380 Copyright: © 2017 Chitte RR, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Detection of Phytoconstituents of Medicinal Plant Terminalia arjuna Using Chromatographic Techniques Chitte RR 1,2 *, Nagare SL 1,2 , Date PK 2 and Shinde BP 2 1 Biotechnology, Vidya Pratishthan’s School of Biotechnology, Vidyanagari, Baramati, Maharashtra, India 2 Agriculture Biotechnology, Vidya Pratishthan’s School of Biotechnology, Vidyanagari, Baramati, Maharashtra, India Abstract The plant extract revealed the presence of phytochemicals such as Phlobatannins, phenols, leucoanthocyanins, saponins, emodins, coumarins and quinones. Process of extraction of pure compound using column chromatography. The gradient of solvent eluted fraction has in pure form, tested and partial characterized. Thin layer chromatographic study was carried out by using various solvent system of varying polarity of which water, ethyl acetate and propanol system suited the best. In vitro anti-infammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation (50%) membrane stabilization assay (75%) and proteinase inhibitory activity (33.33%). For anti-infammatory activity Aspirin (85.67%) used as standard drug. Using alfa amylase inhibition assay, In vitro antidiabetic activity was determined, fraction 5 (89.12%) and fraction 6 (80%) were showed at conc. 500 µg/mL. Antimicrobial effciency of the plant extract fractions was determined using well diffusion method against Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Protease and Staphylococcus aureus, of which no activity was observed against Pseudomonas sp. Keywords: Bioprospecting; Terminalia arjuna; Tin layer chromatography; Phytochemical analysis; Anti-infammatory; Anti- diabetic; Antimicrobial Introduction Terminalia arjuna has been reported medicinal value plant for wide applications. Te various parts have been reported for health beneft efects such as bark extract injection had increase the coronary fow in heart preparation of rabbit [1]. Te bark powder also reported the anti hypocholesterolemic and anti-oxidant efects in human [2] while the methanol extract of T. arjuna leaves have moderate activity against Aspergillus favus. Tere is antibiotically resistant strains of microbial pathogens, such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumonia is a problem and so search for better to develop new antimicrobial compounds are continued [3]. Rather than conventional antibiotics, the medicinal plants originated antimicrobial compounds may inhibit bacteria through diferent mechanisms and it has clinical values against resistant microbes had reported [4]. Modern research has discovered that Terminalia arjuna has antioxidant properties and may be clinically helpful in cardiovascular health. It has antibacterial [5] antimutagenic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic and anti- infammatory efects. Te aim of the present study was to deliver the literal studies of T. arjuna with its phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics. Arjuna regulates cholesterol by decreasing LDL levels in the liver and to be a natural liver tonic. Still today there is no single drug which showed defnite and reliable protection or cure from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disorders. Te present paper aims to review Arjuna pharmacognostical, phytochemical, pharmacological, insecticidal, anthelmintic, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant Properties. Tere is ample evidence of its benefcial efect in coronary artery disease. Te extracts of Arjuna used in strengthening the heart muscles, relieving stress, and hypertension. Arjuna is efective for a variety of heart related conditions like high blood pressure, heart palpitations, rapid heartbeat and high cholesterol. Tese reports are very encouraging and indicate that this should be studied more extensively for its therapeutic benefts. Arjuna is a good hepatitis reliever and gives heart strength for human. Leaves of arjuna are best for recovery from hepatitis C and also ideal tonic for heart disease. Glucoside reported in the bark of Arjuna is good for heart problem. Arjuna bark powder is also used on broken bone can joint of the fractured bone and also good remedy for swelling of gum and mouth. Bark is efectively used for controlling diarrhoea and dysentery. Arjuna bark is described as heart tonic and herbal preparations is used for treatment of cardiac disorders. World Health Organization, stated that the medicinal plants are best source of variety of drug [6]. Tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, terpenoids, steroids, favonoids and phenols are present in medicinal plant. Tese bioactive substances of organic compounds play important role in body physiology of human. Secondary metabolites of plant are chemically and taxonomically extremely diverse compounds with unique function. Tey are widely used in the human therapy. We have extracted and purifed these compounds using column chromatography and fractions are collected analyzed for purity and in vitro diferent assay condition of potency, isolated pure compounds have carried out. Preparation of extract 1. Freshly collected Plant leaf sample were air dried at room temperature for 5-6 days. 2. Dried leaf sample was grinned to powder using mechanical grinder. 3. Dried leaf powder was homogenized in 10 mL (100%) methanol and was extracted on a rotatory shaker in a centrifuge tube at 350 rpm overnight [7]. 4. Crude extract was fltered through Whatman No.1 flter paper and