Journal of critical reviews 499 Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 1, 2020 Review Article WATER SAVING TECHNOLOGY FOR LEACHING SALINITY OF IRRIGATED LANDS: A CASE STUDY FROM BUKHARA REGION OF UZBEKISTAN Mukhamadkhan Khamidov 1 , Kamol Khamraev 2 , Shokhrukh Azizov 3 , Gulnora Akhmedjanova 4 1 Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. 2 Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers Bukhara Branch, Bukhara, Uzbekistan. E-mail address: goodluck_0714@mail.ru Received: 09.11.2019 Revised: 08.12.2019 Accepted: 10.01.2020 Abstract Today the water resources have a strategic impact in Bukhara region of Uzbekistan and about 95% of agricultural products produced in irrigated areas of the region. Conservation and efficient use of water resources is imperative. The goal of this research is to provide farmers scientific and practical recommendations on enhancing the soil leaching efficiency and improving the ameliorative condition of arable lands by using Biosolvent chemical compound during the soil leaching. Salts in the composition of the soil, especially soluble, have a serious impact on the development of crops, can dramatically reduce their yield. As a result of the analysis, the degree of soil salinity was determined: the soil is moderately saline, refers to chloride-sulfate salinization. When, soil leaching is carried out by Biosolvent chemical compound at the medium salted soils in Kagan district of Bukhara, the process of salt dissolution in soils accelerated and consumption of water used for soil leaching was saved up to 30% due to the enhancing the soil leaching efficiency. Keywords: Biosolvent chemical compound; degree of salinity; soil leaching; seasonal leaching norm; period of leaching; chloral ion; water saving; ameliorative conditions. © 2019 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.01.99 INTRODUCTION Salts in the composition of the soil, especially soluble, have a serious impact on the development of crops, it can dramatically reduce their yield [1,2]. The salts are white, chemically neutral, and include chlorides, sulfates, carbonates and sometimes nitrates of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium [3]. Salinity is a soil and water quality concern, especially in arid and semiarid areas where water demand is increasing day by day for irrigation and agriculture. Arid and semiarid areas are the regions where there are insufficient rain to leach salts and excess sodium ions out of the lithosphere. Most of saline soils contain calcites and calcium salts of extremely low solubility (Qadir et al., 2002) [4]. In the view of several scientists, salt-affected soils may inhibit seed germination, retard plant growth, and cause irrigation difficulties. Salty soils cannot be reclaimed by chemical amendments, conditioners or fertilizers. Salty soils are often reclaimed by leaching salts from the plant root zone [3]. There are numerous sources of soil salinity. In the view of some authors, Soil salinity is a measure of the minerals and salts that can be dissolved in water. Salt-affected soils occupy, on a global basis, 952.2 million ha of land. These soils constitute nearly 7% of the total land area or nearly 33% of the potential agricultural land area of the world (Gupta and Abrol, 1990) [5]. Several scientists made researches on determining the level of soil leaching, and suggested a number of formulas to determine the level of soil leaching [6]. In research salinity was determined by the formula by V.Volobuyev and the method of soil leaching was carried out on this basis. Before soil leaching, the soil should be cleaned from the cotton stalks, land leveling, drainage, flat slope must be provided. In the field, the soil leachingis carried out by polling. In the 1980's in Mirzachul, the soil salinity was leached by shallow and deep furrows 7. Another researcher has developed recommendations on how to apply sampling measures to soil degradation and to perform saline cleaning. The recommendations are reflected in the table below 8.Researchers have studied that cotton yield is dependent on land salinity 9. Mineralized water can also be used for soil leaching. Salinity leaching process may be done by mineral water as well. A number of researches have been conducted in "Soil research and salinity leaching" laboratory of the Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation. Research showed that soil leaching can be provided when mineralization in studies of weak salinity is 3.0-6.0 g/l; average salinity - 5.0- 7.5 g/l; in the case of heavy salinity it is possible to provide 7.2- 10.0 g/l and saline soaking up to 15.0-16.0 g/l in very strong saline 8. The lush soils areas of Uzbekistan have natural and secondary features of salinity. According to the several researchers’ ideas there are three main sources of land salinity in the Republic: - Salt content of irrigation water; - The initial amount of salts present in the soil; - Saturation of pressured groundwater and aeration zone with mineralized water 9. From the background of scientists, it is clear that, Salt regime implies the history of salt composition and migration in value ecosystem soils. It consists in unwashed salts, particularly by impulverization, dissolving of salts that are in crystalline state, and vice versa in precipitation of salts from solutions, consumption of salts from solutions by plants and partially by soil organisms, their return with abatement, cyclic vertical migrations of salts, carry-over of salts into illuvial horizons during soil formation, carry-over of salts from the system with surface and ground waters, as well as by expulverization. Salt regime can be broken by environmental pollution [10]. Salt regime implies the history of salt composition and migration of salts in soils and water bodies. It is one of the most important environmental factors. It can be broken by erosion of