~ 22 ~
The Pharma Innovation Journal 2020; 9(11): 22-25
ISSN (E): 2277- 7695
ISSN (P): 2349-8242
NAAS Rating: 5.03
TPI 2020; 9(11): 22-25
© 2020 TPI
www.thepharmajournal.com
Received: 18-09-2020
Accepted: 24-10-2020
Sukanya Ghosh
Assistant Professor, SOA,
GEHU, Dehradun,
Uttarakhand, India
Jai Paul
Professor, Department of Soil
Science, COA, GBPUAT,
Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
Deepak Kholiya
Associate Professor, SOA,
GEHU, Dehradun,
Uttarakhand, India
Navneet Pareek
Professor, Department of Soil
Science, COA, GBPUAT,
Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
GK Dwivedi
Professor, Department of Soil
Science, COA, GBPUAT,
Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
Corresponding Author:
Sukanya Ghosh
Assistant Professor, SOA,
GEHU, Dehradun,
Uttarakhand, India
Effect of integrated nutrient management on some
physical properties of soil under poplar based
agroforestry system in Himalayan foothills, India
Sukanya Ghosh, Jai Paul, Deepak Kholiya, Navneet Pareek and GK
Dwivedi
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of integrated nutrient management on some
physical properties of soil in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop on Mollisols of Uttarakhand under poplar
based agroforestry at Agroforestry Research Centre (old site), Patharchatta of G.B. Pant University of
Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during rabi seasons of 2017-19. The experiment was laid in
Randomized Complete Block Design comprising of nine nutrient treatments (chemical fertilizers and its
substitution with organics) replicated thrice. Bulk density was recorded minimum under T5 (1.31 Mg m
-3
)
management while it was recorded high with soil depth and with control treatments. Owing to a negative
relationship between bulk density and water holding capacity, T5 subsequently had significantly
maximum values of both soil water holding capacity (72.1%) as well as hydraulic conductivity (0.74 cm
hr
-1
) in 0-15 cm soil layer. Usage of organic sources with fertilizers improved the physical properties of
soil after two years of continuous nutrient application.
Keywords: Integrated nutrient management, bulk density, vermicompost, hydraulic conductivity,
agroforestry
Introduction
The projection for 2025 for Indian population growth is expected to be 1.33 billion which may
eventually reach a staggering 1.6 billion by the year 2050 (Hajer et al., 2015)
[7]
. The Indian
food grain demand will be around 293 million tonnes by 2030 as reported by Berners-Lee et
al., 2018
[3]
which will further rise up to 339 million tonnes by 2040. Productivity of most
crops has come to a decline or had become stagnant in the past few years. One of the primary
reasons for such low productivity even under well irrigated conditions are the deficient and
disproportioned usage of chemical inputs (Lotter, 2003)
[12]
, paucity of secondary and
micronutrient availability and poor soil organic carbon (SOC) content that has lead to
substandard soil health (Swarup et al., 2000 and Yadav et al., 2016)
[21, 22]
further aggravated
in countries like India. Long term experiments have revealed that sole application of chemical
fertilizers to supply plant nutrition can deplete soil organic matter content, resulting in
diminished soil productivity (Sharma et al., 2015, Srivastava, 2016 and Jat et al., 2018)
[19, 20,
8]
. It optimizes all aspects of nutrient cycling including N, P, K and other macro and
micronutrient inputs and outputs, with the aims of synchronizing nutrient demand by the crop
and its release in the environment. Under INM practices, the losses through leaching, runoff,
volatilization, emissions and immobilization are minimized, while high nutrient use efficiency
is achieved (Zhang et al., 2004)
[23]
. Moreover, it also aims to optimize the soil conditions by
improving its physical, chemical, biological and hydrological properties to enhance farm
productivity and minimize land degradation (Jones and Donnelly, 2004)
[9]
. After its
emergence as a scientifically recognized discipline and practice, the ability of agroforestry to
improve the soil quality has been widely recognized as a major advantage (Campbell et al.,
2000)
[6]
. Incorporation of trees in agroforestry enhances the soil organic matter by adding
litter both above and below ground. Therefore, integrated nutrient management and
agroforestry land use system are among the best solutions for the ever escalating price and
scarcity of chemical fertilizers for small holding farmers in developing countries. Therefore,
this approach will go a long way in building land productivity since the system will provision
for almost all nutrients in a judicious way.