Chapter 6 English Language Teaching Development in the Midst of Morocco’s Continuing Language Policy Conundrum Awatif Boudihaj and Meriem Sahli Abstract Language policy in multilingual Morocco has been extremely contro- versial and largely politicized. It has historically sparked an enormous debate and engendered multiple reforms that have relied on political manoeuvers rather than educational and experts’ opinions. This chapter provides a description of Morocco’s complex linguistic landscape and discusses the impacts of the implemented language policy reforms on multilingualism in Morocco and the quality of education. It further evaluates the development of English language teaching (ELT)/English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in Morocco and its relation to other existing languages. The chapter then highlights the challenges in promoting a linguistic environment where national/official languages (Modern Standard Arabic and Tamazight) and foreign languages (French, English, and Spanish) can coexist and develop under cultural harmony. 1 Introduction Morocco is a linguistically rich country with a variety of dialects and multiple languages that play a key role in maintaining and enhancing the country’s intangible cultural heritage. Morocco is a historically multilingual and multicultural nation that has encountered different linguistic cultures since the beginning of the twentieth century as a result of the French and Spanish colonization and recently globalization. Despite multilingualism, Moroccans are largely loyal to their vernaculars (Moroccan Arabic and Berber) as they constitute a core value of their Arabo-Islamic and Berber cultural identity. The Moroccan speakers range from monolingual speakers of either Moroccan Arabic or Berber, bilingual speakers of Arabic and Berber or Arabic and French to multilingual speakers of Arabic, Berber, French, and Spanish/English. A. Boudihaj (B ) · M. Sahli Al Akhawayn University, Ifran, Morocco e-mail: a.boudihaj@aui.ma M. Sahli e-mail: m.sahli@aui.ma © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 K. Raza et al. (eds.), Policy Development in TESOL and Multilingualism, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3603-5_6 65