International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 15 (2017) pp. 5218-5225
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
5218
Study on the Residue Resulted from the Metallic Minerals separations to the
Coastal Iron-sand of Yogyakarta Indonesia
Mohammad Nurcholis
1
and Djoko Mulyanto
2
1
Study Program of Soil Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta. Jl. SWK (104)
Lingkar utara Condongcatur Yogyakarta. 55283. Indoesia.
1
Orcid: 0000-0003-0084-7941
2
Study Program of Soil Science, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta. Jl. SWK (104) Lingkar utara Condongcatur
Yogyakarta. 55283. Indoesia.
Abstract
South beach of Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta is a
boundary on the south side bordered by the Indian Ocean.
The sand material of this beach is containing a high value of
metal minerals, so that it has a potential to be exploited.
Local communities had been managing the land with
continuous effort to convert the sandy soil that was extremely
low nutrient availability to be the productive farming land.
The aimed of the study was to examine the characteristics of
minerals and chemistry of the residue produced as a fine-sized
material, light metal and also the mineral which may degrades
the land and air quality. Analysis of fertility from the residue
consist of pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the bases
(Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, K
+
, Na
+
) were extracted using NH4OAc.
Elements analysis of materials was done by neutron activation
analysis (NAA). The results of the present study showed that:
1) An increasing of concentration of heavy metal elements
namely Ce and Cr on the residue. 2) There were iron minerals
(ilmenite, magnetite), silica (crystobalite) and vanadinite
potentially degrade the quality of air and soil environment. 3)
The processing of iron-sand increase the concentration of
minerals as a source of nutrients, namely: feldspar, olivine,
augite and amphibole. 4) The residue produced from iron-sand
processing can provide the elements of Ca, Mg, K, Na and P
required by plants.
Keywords: iron-sand, metal minerals, the residue
INTRODUCTION
South beach of Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta is a
boundary on the south side bordered by the Indian Ocean.
This area also has a sand dune and is a barrier to people living
on the south coast [1](Prastistho dan Nurcholis, 2000). The
results of the research that was done by[2] Sukirno (2008)
showed that the soil in the sand beach in Kulonprogo have a
sand content of 95.9%, silt of 2.3% and clay of 1.8%, a soil
density of 3.25 kg/dm
3
, besides the temperature air and
surface soil is very high. [3]Katim et al, (1994) reported that
iron-sand on the beach south of Yogyakarta derived from sand
material that is andesitic Merapi volcano through a river that
deposited on the beach with ocean waves and the activity of
monsoon. Materials sand on the south coast region
Kulonprogo regency also have the content of other metallic
minerals are high, and these materials also have the potential
to be exploited.
Minerals of these metals have high economic value and can
support development. Chemical properties of sandy soil is
very poor in terms of low levels of elements N, P and K,
organic matter, cation exchange capacity values [4](Wada,
2005). But the sandy soil is more easily repaired even if the
soil has a low fertility level. Farmer communities in coastal
areas with a patiently effort to manage the sandy soil that very
poor nutrients but has good physical properties and excellent
climate beaches is promising for agriculture. Research in
China showed that banana plant that require high availabilities
in water and nutrient can be cultivated in the sandy soils
[5](Zhao et al., 2000).
In the study site, there will be planned mining and processing
of iron-sand located on beach sand, and it includes land along
20 km, 2 km wide with a depth of 3 m. The residue generated
from the mining process will be returned to the process of
reclamation and later the land will be used as agriculture
again. The areas of land that will be to be mined include land
already cultivated as farmland. There is a difference of
thinking between the policy makers with the farmers who
have developed this land as farmland, and now it becomes a
big problem.
In the plan the utilization of mineral deposits, NAP (2002)[6]
provides guidance in terms of: (1) handling of the quality of
groundwater and surface water, (2) harmful elements
contained in minerals, the residue and soils, (3) the existence
and location of community vulnerable to contamination, (4)
the impact of climate on mining operations, including rainfall
and wind, and (5) socio-economic and cultural issues and
sustainable development. Further in terms of coastal
protection and restoration, NRC [7](2009) drafted by taking