IJFR 2 (2015) 1-11 ISSN 2056-9734
Effects of varied parboiling conditions on proximate
and mineral composition of Jasmine-85 and Nerica-14
rice varieties in Ghana
Ayamdoo Abugre Joseph
1
*, Amikizunu Joseph
1
and Abdul-Razak Abizari
2
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana.
2
School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Box 1882, Tamale, Ghana.
Article History ABSTRACT
Received 24 February, 2015
Received in revised form 27
March, 2015
Accepted 31 March, 2015
Key words:
Rice varieties,
Parbioling,
Nutrient content.
Article Type:
Full Length Research Article
Parboiling of paddy rice is an integral part of post-harvest rice processing. This
practice of parboiling varies among individuals or groups. This study
investigated the effect of different parboiling conditions on the nutrient content
of two rice varieties, Jasmine-85 and Nerica-14. The paddy was soaked in a warm
water of 40°C at four different periods of 6, 20, 24 and 36 h, and then steamed at
40, 60 and 90 min at a temperature of 100°C. Guidelines of Association of Official
Analytical Chemists were used to obtain the proximate and mineral
compositions of the parboiled rice. Concentration of minerals like iron, zinc,
calcium and manganese was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
whiles Flame Emission Spectroscopy technique was used to determine the
concentration of potassium and sodium. Results obtained from the varied levels
of parboiling showed that averagely protein content decreased from 6.8 to5.1%
(P<0.05), carbohydrate content decreased from 70.3 to 55.9% (P<0.05) and crude
fibre content reduced from 2.9 to 2.1% (P<0.05) after parboiling. Also the
concentration of the iron, zinc, calcium, manganese, potassium, and sodium
decreased as a result of parboiling. For instance iron concentration decreased
from 1.8 ppm in non-parboil rice to 1.0 ppm in parboiled rice (P<0.05) and Zinc
also reduced by 0.33 ppm due to parboiling (P<0.05). A parboiling condition of 20
h soaking; 60 min steaming gave better results on all the parameters. In
conclusion, parboiling of paddy rice affects the proximate and mineral contents
of rice. It is recommended that practitioners should parboil for 21 h (20 h soaking
followed by 1 h steaming) for optimum nutrients and minerals content.
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INTRODUCTION
Rice is important to Ghana’s economy and agriculture,
accounting for nearly 15% of the national Gross Domestic
Product (Kranjac-Berisavljevic, 2000). Rice meals have
become an important part of the daily Ghanaian menu,
both in terms of its caloric value and share of the
household budget. Among the cereals in Ghana, per
capita consumption of rice is second to maize (Quaye et
*Corresponding author. E-mail: jayamdooabugre@yahoo.com.
al., 2000). Rice consumption in Ghana increased from
7.4 kg per capita/annum between 1982 and 1985
(WARDA, 1986) to 13.3 kg per cap/annum (Government
of Ghana, 1996) resulting in a total annual consumption
of 239 400 tonnes of milled rice (that is, estimated on 18
million population). The annual consumption (1991-1996)
thus showed an increase of 119 000 tonnes over that of
1990 (Oteng, 1997). Ghanaians, especially urban and
suburban dwellers eat rice not only as a source of
calories but also as a convenient food. It is therefore not
surprising that rice is one of five staple crops