Open Access Ghannam et al., J Blood Disorders Transf 2014, 5:7 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9864.1000222 Open Access Volume 5 • Issue 7 • 1000222 J Blood Disorders Transf ISSN: 2155-9864 JBDT, an open access journal CD26 Expression in Mature B-cell Neoplasms and its Prognostic Impact on B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Doaa M. El Ghannam 1 *, Mona M. Taalab 2 , Hayam F. Ghazy 3 , Eman M. Abdul Salam 4 and Iman M. Fawzy 5 1 Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt 2 Clinical Hematology unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 3 Medical Oncology unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 4 General Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt 5 Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Mansoura Fever Hospital, Ministry of Health, Mansoura, Egypt *Corresponding author: Doaa M. El Ghannam, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt, Tel: +1062376246; Fax: 951032051; E-mail: doaamahmoud1970@yahoo.com Received April 23, 2014; Accepted June 06, 2014; Published June 15, 2014 Citation: Ghannam DME, Taalab MM, Ghazy HF, Salam EMA, Fawzy IM (2014) CD26 Expression in Mature B-cell Neoplasms and its Prognostic Impact on B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. J Blood Disorders Transf 5: 222. doi: 10.4172/2155-9864.1000222 Copyright: © 2014 Ghannam DME, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Keywords: B-cell mature lymphoid tumours; B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; CD26; CD38; ZAP-70; Expression; Progression free survival, Lymphocytic doubling time, Prognosis Abbreviations B-CLL: B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemias; B-CLPD: B Cell Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorders; DPPIV: Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV; FITC: Fluorescein Isothiocyanate; HCL: Hairy Cell Leukaemias; LDT: Lymphocytic Doubling Time; mAbs: Monoclonal Antibodies; MM: Multiple Myeloma; OS: Overall Survival; PBS: Phosphate Bufered Saline; PE: Phycoerythrin; PerCp: Peridinin-Chlorophyll Proteins; PFS: Progression Free Survival; RT: Room Temperature; Sig: Surface Immunoglobulin; ZAP-70: Zeta-Chain-Associated Protein Kinase. Introduction CD26 or Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPPIV) is a unique multifunctional 110 kDa membrane-bound glycoprotein, belongs to the serine protease family, acts as receptor, binding and proteolytic molecule. Te crystal structure indicates that tetramerization of DP IV is a key mechanism to regulate its interaction with other components. A dipeptide mimicking inhibitor complexed to the active site discloses key determinants for substrate recognition. It is expressed on a variety of tissues including T lymphocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells. CD26 plays an important role in immune regulation, signal transduction, and apoptosis [1]. Studies have suggested that CD26 plays a regulatory role in the neoplastic transformation and progression of various types of tumours, and it may also play a role in tumour migration and metastasis as a result of its ability to bind extracellular matrix proteins [1,2]. It is thought that CD26 plays an important role in hematological malignancies, mainly in aggressive subtypes of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in which it is highly expressed by neoplastic cells [3,4]. Although CD26 expression is very low in B-cells, it is greatly up regulated following activation [5]. Te B-cell neoplasms are a biologically heterogenous group of malignant diseases characterized by accumulation of mature B lymphocytes in the bone marrow, peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue [6]. B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is an accumulative disease of slowly proliferating lymphocytes that develops in the aging population. Whereas some patients with B-CLL have an indolent course and die afer many years from unrelated causes, others progress very rapidly within a few years from this currently incurable leukemia [7]. Tus, it is more important than ever to develop sensitive stratifcation parameters to identify patients with poor prognosis. Subjects and Methods Subjects Te present study involved 100 newly diagnosed patients with mature B-CLPD who were evaluated at the time of diagnosis. On the basis of the WHO classifcation of neoplastic diseases of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues [8], there were 58 cases of B-CLL, 7 cases of hairy cell leukaemia (HCL), 23 cases of CD5neg B-CLPD and 12 cases of multiple myeloma (MM). All patients were diagnosed and followed up between 2009 and 2013 in Masnoura Oncology Center, Mansoura, Egypt. In addition to 10 control subjects of matched age and sex were enrolled in the study. Informed consent was provided by all subjects. Te study was based on 58 (40 males, 18 females) consecutive, previously untreated CLL, 7 HCL (5 males, 2 females), 23 CD5 negative LPD (15 males, 8 females) and 12 multiple myeloma (8 males, 4 females). Mean age of CLL, HCL, CD5 negative LPD and multiple Abstract CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a multifunctional membrane protein and it is strongly upregulated in activated B-cells. We aimed to evaluate CD26 expression in mature B cell neoplasms, and its prognostic role in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemias (B-CLL). CD26 expression was evaluated by fow cytometry in various B cell neoplasms. CD26 expression was high in MMs and HCLs, variable in B-CLLs and in CD5neg B-CLPDs. Kaplan–Meier curves revealed a signifcantly shorter progression free survival (PFS), and lymphocytic doubling time (LDT) in the CD26 high expression group (p=0.014, 0.024 respectively). High CD26, CD38 and/or ZAP70 showed signifcantly shorter PFS, (p=0.020, 0.022 respectively) and LDT (p=0.024, 0.024 respectively) when compared to both low expression CD26, CD38 and/or ZAP70. CD26 expression may identify subsets of B-CLL patients with an unfavorable clinical outcome, thus suggesting its potential role as a marker in a future routine cytofuorimetric panel for B-CLLs. Research Article Journal of Blood Disorders & Transfusion J o u r n a l o f B l o o d D i s o r d e r s & T r a n s f u s i o n ISSN: 2155-9864