Research Article / Araştırma Makalesi Cite as/ Atıf: Alp, H. (2020). Meşrutiyet’ten Cumhuriyet’e ilk ve ortaokul tarih ders kitaplarında Romanya algısı (1908-1932). Turkish Studies - History, 15(4), 1039-1054. https://dx.doi.org/10.47846/TurkishStudies.45419 Received/Geliş: 20 July/Temmuz 2020 Checked by plagiarism software Accepted/Kabul: 24 December/Aralık 2020 Published/Yayın: 25 December/Aralık 2020 Copyright © INTAC LTD, Turkey CC BY-NC 4.0 Meşrutiyet’ten Cumhuriyet’e İlk ve Ortaokul Tarih Ders Kitaplarında Romanya Algısı (1908-1932) Perception of Romania in The Primary And Secondary School History Textbooks from The Second Constitution to The Republic (1908-1932) Hayrünisa Alp * Abstract: Edward Hallett Carr says, “history is an endless dialogue between past and future” in his book named “What is History”. And this dialogue is conveyed to young minds through history textbooks given to them since their childhood periods, not through the history books written in large volumes. The political conditions arisen with the effect of the 1912-1913 Balkan Wars caused the Turkism to have a significant effect in history textbooks. History studies in Turkey have developed with the nation-state and the nationalism idea it followed with the establishment of the Republic. The negative effect of Rumelian lands, which got out of hand first as self-governing states then as independent states such as Romania, Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria and Albania and the endless migration waves manifested itself in historiography. Romania is generally discussed in the section of “the Conquests of the Ottoman Empire in Balkans” in a chronological and historical systematic starting from the conquest of Moldavia (Eflak) and Walachia (Boğdan), and this situation hasn’t played a significant role in the formation of an adequate perception of Romania in the minds of Turkish youths. This article aims to show how Romania, with which international bilateral relations were more advanced compared with the other Balkan states, is discussed in the first and secondary school history textbooks in Turkey between 1908 and 1932. Understanding whether bilateral relations are reflected in the history textbooks and presenting suggestions on how to use history textbooks in the development of friendship relations between Turkey and Romania are also among the objectives of the article. Structured Abstract: Political, economic and socio-cultural relations with the Balkan States followed a very different course than before, after the Balkan states were separated one by one from the Ottoman Empire and took their place on the stage of history as independent nation states. After its establishment, the Ottoman Empire dominated the Balkan lands within a century, and became the representative of peace and tranquility for many years within the framework of the conditions of that period. Although the impact of nation-state consciousness spread from France to all over the world is undisputedly accepted for the disintegration of the Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire, one underlying reason is that the peoples of the Balkan states were unable to maintain their wealth in the face of the developing world economy and especially Russia, Britain, France and even Germany, its future ally in the First World War, wanted to take advantage of this situation. The falling quality of life in almost every region * Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü Asst. Prof. Dr., Istanbul University, Institute of Atatürk's Principle and Reforms 0000-0002-6549-7893 hyralp@istanbul.edu.tr