Page 1 of 54 USER COLLISION IN SHARING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: Frequency Allocation, RF Interference Reduction & RF Security Threat Mitigation in Radio Propagation and Passive & Active Remote Sensing Wolfgang-Martin Boerner 1 , Shane R. Cloude 2 , and Alberto Moreira 3 1 UIC-ECE/CSN, m/c 154, 900 W. Taylor Street, SEL-W (607) – 4210, CHICAGO, IL/USA 60607-7018 T&F: + [1] (312) 996-5480, Email: wolfgang.m.boerner@uic.edu 2 AEL Consultants, 26 Westfield Avenue, CUPAR, Fife KY15-5AA, Scotland, UK, T&F: [+44/0] (1334) 653-958 Email: scloude@aelc.demon.co.uk URL: http://www.Aelc.demon.co.uk 3 DLR (German Aerospace Centre), Oberpfaffenhofen, Münchener Str. 20, Geb. 120, Postfach 11 16 D-82230 Wessling, Obb, Germany, T/S/F: [+49] - 8153 - 28 2305/2306//1135, Email: alberto.moreira@dlr.de Abstract [Foreword: Due to severe time constraints (10 days only) and space limitations (less than 5Mb), this review paper is still highly incomplete; and technical aspects are not treated in detail] The use of passive and active UHF to VHF, microwave and millimeter wave remote sensing of the Earth’s covers (lithosphere, terrestrial surface, atmosphere to ionosphere) experiences drastically increasing interference from man-made telecommunication and navigation sources for both commercial and defense applications. At the same time, the claim for ever more spectral bandwidth by the aggressive telecommunications complex is still on its steady rise, and under the un-abating pressure more bands will become designated and soon licensed by the ITU/WMO. The pertinent parts of the electromagnetic spectrum needed for remote sensing are the result of physical laws such as penetration skin depth, surface versus voluminous polarimetric vegetative scattering, atmospheric absorption bands and transmission windows, and must more seriously be treasured as a ‘fundamental natural resource’ for safeguarding our planet Earth. It is essential to understand why some selected regions of the spectrum are singled out, and how those must be carefully protected. Both passive and active remote sensing technologies and its specific demands will be scrutinized, whereby the current needs for sensor development in aeronomy, radio-astronomy and biomass plus meteorological remote sensing will be addressed; whereas technical aspects are not treated in detail. In this presentation, an introduction to these highly important aspects of securing our current and future capabilities in terrestrial space-tele/video-communications & navigation as well as in military surveillance and environmental stress change monitoring at ground, from air and space is given. In fact, we were served an unmistakable lesson that issues of “Environment” and “Security” can no longer be intentionally separated but are intimately interrelated. The basic underlying problems causing the ever increasing number of head-on collisions for sharing into the use of the finite electromagnetic spectrum, and more regularly into the same spectral band will be analyzed in depth. Suggestions will be offered on why it is necessary to re-approach these important issues; and especially the task of completely overhauling and fundamentally restructuring frequency allocations across the entire pertinent bands, with renewed rigor and entirely novel insight. Examples will be provided on the current devastating state of misuse of