Reframing FrameNet Data Miriam R. L. Petruck, Charles J. Fillmore, Collin F. Baker, Michael Ellsworth and Josef Ruppenhofer International Computer Science Institute 1947 Center Street, Suite 600 Berkeley, CA 94704-1198, USA {miriamp, fillmore, collinb, infinity, josef}@icsi.berkeley.edu http://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu/~framenet Abstract The Berkeley FrameNet Project (http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/~framenet) is building an on-line lexical resource for contemporary English. The database provides information about the semantic and syntactic combinatorial possibilities (valences) of each item analyzed. This paper describes the conceptual basis for what has been called reframing of data in the FrameNet database and exemplifies two new frame-to-frame relations, Causative_of and Inchoative_of, the implementation of which came about as a result of reanalysis of certain frames and lexi cal units. The new relations are characterized with respect to a triple of frames involving the notion of attaching, and entering them into the database is demonstrated using the Frame Relations Editor. The two relations allow FrameNet to make frame-wise distinctions that capture fairly systematic semantic relationships across sets of lexical units. While the Inheritance and Subframe relations are of particular interest to the NLP research community, Causative_of and Inchoative_of may be more relevant to lexicography. 1. Introduction The Berkeley FrameNet Project (http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/~framenet) (Johnson, et al., 2003, Fillmore, et al., 2001) is building an on-line lexical resource for contemporary English. The database provides information about the semantic and syntactic combinatorial possibilities ( valences ) of each item analyzed. The findings are derived automatically from the manual annotation of carefully selected sentences culled from corpora 1 , and can be browsed and queried through the Internet. The theoretical basis and descriptive model of the project is Frame Semantics, which offers an approach to the characterization and analysis of word meaning in terms of the semantic frame . Users of the FrameNet database will find that it serves as both a dictionary and a thesaurus. As a dictionary, for each lexical unit (LU ) (lemma in given sense) it provides the name of the frame that houses it, a (dictionary or FrameNet developed) definition, a valence description that summarizes the combinatorial possibilities of frame elements occurring with that LU, and sets of annotated sentences that exemplify the various syntactic patterns discovered in the corpus. The thesaurus-like nature of the FrameNet database manifests in the way that groups of lexical units are connected to frames which are also connected to other frames through various frame-to-frame relations. The FrameNet database can be distinguished from ordinary (print) dictionaries and thesauri, as well as other lexical resources (e.g. WordNet, Fellbaum, 1998) in a number of ways. Along with definitions, valence descriptions, and annotated example sentences, the