General review Candida auris: An emerging drug resistant yeast – A mini-review A.L. Bidaud a , A. Chowdhary b , E. Dannaoui a, * a Microbiology department, Parasitology-Mycology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, AP–HP, European Georges-Pompidou Hospital, 75015 Paris, France b Department of Medical Mycology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 2. Taxonomy–Phylogenetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 3. Epidemiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 4. Risks factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 5. Phenotypic characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 6. Virulence factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 7. C. auris: a multi-drug resistant fungal pathogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 8. Molecular resistance determinants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 9. Therapeutic options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 10. Infection prevention and control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 11. Perspective and conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 1. Introduction Candida auris is an emerging, multi-drug resistant, fungal pathogen responsible for nosocomial invasive infections [1–4]. C. auris was first described from an external ear canal drainage specimen from a Japanese patient in 2009 [5]. Although initially presumed to be a rare pathogen, this species has been increasingly detected throughout the world in less than a decade following its first isolation. In June 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published an alert for all clinicians, laboratorians, and public health authorities to report isolation of C. auris in patients in the United States [1]. The global epidemiology of this yeast is not well known. Specifically, the incidence and prevalence rate have not yet been available as this species is difficult to identify using conventional biochemical methods [6–9]. Journal de Mycologie Me ´ dicale xxx (2018) xxx–xxx A R T I C L E I N F O Article history: Received 12 March 2018 Received in revised form 20 June 2018 Accepted 20 June 2018 Available online xxx Keywords: Candida auris Antifungal Epidemiology Treatment Multi-drug resistance Prevention Control strategy A B S T R A C T Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen responsible for nosocomial invasive infection outbreaks on five continents. Large healthcare-related outbreaks of C. auris infection and colonization have been reported from different countries. Whole genome sequence analysis identified strong phylogeographic C. auris clades specific to particular geographical areas suggesting transmission of particular clades within countries. However, the mode of transmission within the healthcare environment is not clear and is likely to be multifactorial. The emergence of C. auris is alarming because this organism can harbor or develop multidrug resistance. This explains why C. auris infections are difficult to treat. In addition, difficulties in its identification in the routine diagnostic laboratory have a significant impact on outbreak detection and management. This mini-review highlights the available literature on C. auris, with particular insight into its epidemiology and the problems caused by its antifungal resistance.  C 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author. Service de microbiologie, unite ´ de parasitologie- mycologie, ho ˆpital europe ´en Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France. E-mail address: eric.dannaoui@aphp.fr (E. Dannaoui). G Model MYCMED-820; No. of Pages 6 Please cite this article in press as: Bidaud AL, et al. Candida auris: An emerging drug resistant yeast – A mini-review. Journal De Mycologie Me ´ dicale (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.06.007 Available online at ScienceDirect www.sciencedirect.com https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.06.007 1156-5233/  C 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.