Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 37(1), March – April 2016; Article No. 09, Pages: 42-51 ISSN 0976 – 044X International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net © Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. 42 Neha Atale, Vibha Rani * Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. * Corresponding author’s E-mail: vibha.rani@jiit.ac.in Accepted on: 10-01-2016; Finalized on: 29-02-2016. ABSTRACT Free radicals and glycation play an important role in the manifestation of diabetes and other cardiovascular diseases. Seeds of Syzygium cumini are traditionally used in Ayurveda and Unani medicine to fight against diabetes. In the present study, the antiglycoxidative potential of S. cumini was measured and the effect of S. cumini in glucose induced cardiac stress was observed. FTIR and HPLC studies were conducted for aqueous (ASE), ethanol (ESE) and methanol seed extracts (MSE) and a comparison of antiglycoxidative potential was studied. The antioxidative activities were evaluated by 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2'- azino-bis 3- ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2-) and lipid peroxidation assays. The safe dose of MSE and glucose was optimized on H9C2 cells by MTT assay and cell size was observed microscopically. Antiglycation potential of MSE was also estimated in glucose induced cardiac cells. MSE showed the maximum antiglycoxidative potential among ESE and ASE comparable to standard. The highest peak intensity in FTIR spectra of MSE for aliphatic and aromatic C-H stretching, aromatic C=C bonds and C-O single bonds. HPLC showed the gallic acid content (retention time at 2.33 ± 1.97 min) highest in MSE. MSE significantly suppresses the glucose induced stress on H9C2 cardiac cell lines by inhibiting glycation event. Our findings suggest that S. cumini MSE has maximum antiglycoxidative potential as compared to ESE and ASE, therefore proposed to play therapeutic role for diabetic complications associated with heart. Keywords: Anti-AGEs potential, Antioxidant activity, Gallic acid, Polyphenol, Flavonoids. INTRODUCTION eactive oxygen species (ROS) is an essential product of biochemical and physiological processes and normally they exist in balance with biochemical antioxidants. 1 Environmental stress increases the levels of free radicals drastically, thereby disturbing the equilibrium between free radical production and the antioxidant capability causing oxidative stress because of excess ROS, antioxidants depletion, or both. 2 However, when cellular production of ROS overwhelms its antioxidant capacity, damage to cellular macromolecules such as lipids, protein and DNA may ensue. 3 This damage has been associated with an increased risk of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. Glycation and oxidative stress are closely linked and synergistic and are often referred as glycoxidation. 4 Free radicals have also been shown to participate in advanced glycation end products (AGEs) where nonenzymatic glycation of proteins alter their structure and functions, which further induce the cellular damage. Glycoxidation intensity increases in diabetes mellitus and its associated pathophysiologies as they can alter enzymic activity, modulate ligand binding to their receptor, modify protein functional ability and alter immunogenicity. 5 Hyperglycemia is considered as a clinical hallmark of diabetes, the phenomenon that results into the formation of AGEs as well as upregulation of reactive oxygen species. It is therefore essential to develop antiglycoxidative therapies against a global widespread incidence of diabetes and its complications in the recent time. Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) have been used as synthetic agents but they are reported to be toxic to human health shifting the focus towards herbal remedies. 6 Antioxidants can be extracted and purified from natural sources and used in medicine and as additives to neutraceuticals. Plant polyphenols have drawn increasing attention due to their potent antioxidant properties and their marked effects in the prevention of oxidative stress in diseases such as diabetes, diabetic associated cardiomyopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy. 7 The quantity and quality of the extracted antioxidant polyphenolics varies owing to the difference in the polarity of the solvent used for the extraction of phenolics from natural sources. 8,9 This makes it essential to analyze the fraction with maximum antioxidative potential in order to develop better and effective therapeutic strategies. Presently the drugs often prescribed for patients with diabetes have a limited ability to cure and can create more problems in the long run in different organs like eyes, kidneys, nerves and cardiovascular system. 10 In addition recent studies have shown that the drugs with combined antioxidative and antiglycative potential are more effective in treating diabetes mellitus. 11 We therefore selected Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels, (M yrtaceae) having antidiabetic potential and aimed to evaluate antiglycoxidation potential of aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts. Antihyperglycemic studies have been conducted extensively with aqueous extract of S. cumini fruit pulp, leaf and bark in the past in vitro and in vivo 12-14 however such antihyperglycemic effect of aqueous extract of S. cumini in patients with diabetes, could not be ruled out in Syzygium Cumini : An Effective Cardioprotective via its Antiglycoxidation Potential R Research Article