86 © 2021 AESS Publications. All Rights Reserved. THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN PAPUA BASED ON CUSTOMARY TERRITORIES AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM Yosef Lefaan 1+ Julius Ary Mollet 2 Herbert Innah 3 1,3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura-Papua, Indonesia. 1 Email: yosef.lefaan@gmail.com Tel: +62-821-9896-8996 3 Email: herbert.innah@gmail.com Tel: +62-811-180-175 2 Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura-Papua, Indonesia. 2 Email: julius.mollet@gmail.com Tel: +62-813-8891-4846 (+ Corresponding author) ABSTRACT Article History Received: 28 July 2021 Revised: 30 August 2021 Accepted: 21 September 2021 Published: 12 October 2021 Keywords Papua special autonomy Customary territories Sustainable development A bottom-up approach System dynamics model Human development index Human development indicators Electricity demand. The National Development Planning Agency of Indonesia has adopted the concept of development based on customary territories in Papua in the 2015-2019 National Midterm Development Plan (RPJMN). This RPJMN aimed to accommodate the mandate of the Special Autonomy Law Number 21 of 2001 regarding Special Autonomy for Papua Province. However, the RPJMN used a top-down development approach that accommodates more national and international interests than local and customary territories' interests. The main objective of this paper is to propose a new concept of sustainable development that uses a bottom-up development approach to reconcile both interests above. The concept is supplemented with the road map and simulation to explore the progress of sustainable development. The modeling and simulation of sustainable development progress consist of the human development index (HDI), human development indicators, and electricity demand using the system dynamics model. In 2050, the lowest HDI is 63.87 in Mappi Regency. Life expectancy is 68.53 years; the schooling expecting years is 12.19 years; the schooling mean years is 6.60 years, and the expenditure per capita is Rp7,599,010, - In 2050, the highest HDI is 94.83 in Sorong Municipality. Life expectancy is 80.73 years; the schooling expecting years is 18.00 years; the schooling mean years is 15.00 years, and the expenditure per capita is Rp19,869,057 – In 2050, the electricity demand in Mappi Regency is 46,032 MWh. Meanwhile, the electricity demand in Sorong Municipality is 1,137,746 MWh. Contribution/ Originality: This study of bottom-up development approaches aimed to complement top-down development approaches based on economic growth in Papua. It proposes increasing HDI as a basis for projecting the electricity demand growth. The results of this study will open up opportunities for further studies related to economic growth. 1. INTRODUCTION The western part of the New Guinea islands in Mansoben (1995) can be viewed from two different perspectives, namely as part of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia territory ( Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, NKRI) and as a cultural (customary) territories of indigenous Papuans. In the NKRI’s perspective, it is called Papua Regional, which consists of 2 provinces and 42 regencies/municipalities (BPSP, 2017; BPSPB1, 2017). From the perspective of the customary society, it consists of seven territories with four traditional political systems and three civilizations at different levels (Mansoben, 1995; Modouw, 2015). International Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences ISSN(e): 2521-0556 DOI: 10.18488/journal.136.2021.62.86.96 Vol. 6, No. 2, 86-96. © 2021 AESS Publications. All Rights Reserved. URL: www.aessweb.com