Journal of Transportation Technologies, 2019, 9, 423-438
https://www.scirp.org/journal/jtts
ISSN Online: 2160-0481
ISSN Print: 2160-0473
DOI: 10.4236/jtts.2019.94026 Sep. 18, 2019 423 Journal of Transportation Technologies
Pedestrian Facilities Capacity and Level of
Service at Intersections in a Connected and
Autonomous Vehicle Environment
Yifan Wang
1
, Ardeshir Faghri
1
, Dian Yuan
1
, Michael L. Vaughan
2
, Mingxin Li
1
1
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
2
College of Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
Abstract
It is inevitable that Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) will be a
major focus of transportation and the automotive industry with increased use
in future traffic system analysis. Numerous studies have focused on the eval-
uation and potential development of CAVs technology; however, pedestrians
and bicyclists, as two essential and important modes of the road users have
seen little to no coverage. In response to the need for analyzing the impact of
CAVs on non-motorized transportation, this paper develops a new model for
the evaluation of the Level of Service (LOS) for pedestrians in a CAVs envi-
ronment based on the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). The HCM provides
a methodology to assess the level of service for pedestrians and bicyclists on
various types of intersections in urban areas. Five scenarios were created for
simulation via VISSIM (a software) that corresponds to the different propor-
tions of the CAVs and different signal systems in a typical traffic environ-
ment. Alternatively, the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) was se-
lected for analyzing the safety performance of the five scenarios. Through
computing and analyzing the results of simulation and SSAM, the latter por-
tion of this paper focuses on the development of a new model for evaluating
pedestrian LOS in urban areas which are based upon HCM standards which
are suitable for CAVs environments. The results of this study are intended to
inform the future efforts of engineers and/or policymakers and to provide
them with a tool to conduct a comparison of capacity and LOS related to the
impact of CAVs on pedestrians during the process of a transportation system
transition to CAVs.
Keywords
Connected and Autonomous Vehicles, Pedestrians, VISSIM,
Level of Service, SSAM
How to cite this paper: Wang, Y.F., Fag-
hri, A., Yuan, D., Vaughan, M.L. and Li,
M.X. (2019) Pedestrian Facilities Capacity
and Level of Service at Intersections in a
Connected and Autonomous Vehicle En-
vironment. Journal of Transportation Tech-
nologies, 9, 423-438.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jtts.2019.94026
Received: July 12, 2019
Accepted: September 15, 2019
Published: September 18, 2019
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access