Please cite this article in press as: L. Schibuola, et al., Innovative technologies for energy retrofit of historic buildings: An experimental
validation, Journal of Cultural Heritage (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2017.09.011
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Original article
Innovative technologies for energy retrofit of historic buildings: An
experimental validation
Luigi Schibuola
*
, Massimiliano Scarpa , Chiara Tambani
University IUAV of Venice, Dorsoduro 2206, 30123 Venice, Italy
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 11 April 2017
Accepted 18 September 2017
Available online xxx
Keywords:
Historic building refurbishment
High efficiency technologies
Ground source heat pump
Demand controlled ventilation
Trigeneration
Energy retrofit
a b s t r a c t
Refurbished buildings should also increase their energy efficiency, according with current regulation;
however, in case of historical buildings, preservation orders are so strict to hamper usual energy efficient
interventions on the building envelope side. As a consequence, in historical buildings, HVAC (Heating,
Ventilation and Air-Conditioning) systems and control strategies should be further improved, since they
are the only true means for energy efficiency. This paper presents the set of technologies implemented
in the frame of the refurbishment of an historical building in the very center of Venice, in order to lower
energy consumption and increase occupants’ comfort. The refurbishment consisted mainly in the appli-
cation of the following technologies: Surface Water Heat Pump (SWHP), Demand Controlled Ventilation
(DCV) and trigeneration. Furthermore, the paper proves the achieved energy savings by comparing the
actual energy consumption against detailed building energy simulations for baseline HVAC system config-
urations. For such a purpose, the authors take advantage of the installed extensive building management
system (BMS), which is able to record detailed data about flow rates (of air and water), temperature and
humidity for all of the key devices of the HVAC system. The building used as a case study is very significant
because of its energy intensive intended use as well as for the very strict preservation orders acting on
it. In particular, global primary energy savings equal to 36% have been calculated, if compared with a
traditional baseline HVAC system.
© 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
1. Research aim
This research is aimed at presenting the energy savings achieved
in a relevant historical building in the very center of Venice, after
a delicate refurbishment implying interventions pertaining only to
energy and heating/cooling systems, with no modification of the
building envelope. The set of technologies used in this refurbish-
ment may be efficiently replicated in many other cases and allow
the building energy managers to achieve relevant primary energy
savings, which, in the present case, reached 36%. The present case
study is a relevant reference also because of the extensive building
management system allowing the authors to have the full descrip-
tion of the actual behavior of each device involved in the chain of
energy generation/distribution/use.
*
Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 0412571281.
E-mail address: luigi.schibuola@iuav.it (L. Schibuola).
2. Introduction
Achieving a drastic reduction in building energy consumption,
is nowadays a big challenge, facing actual global emergencies
for natural resources conservation and environmental protection.
Buildings are responsible of 48% of energy used on a global scale,
and they contribute to 19% of CO
2
total emission, linked to energy
(6,4% of direct emissions and 12% of indirect ones) [1,2]. In Decem-
ber 2009 the European Community, by the 20-20-20 legislation
targets, dictated the reduction of 20% of fossil fuels energy con-
sumption by 2020, through energy efficiency actions, the increase
of the renewable energy sources share by 20%, and the decrease of
greenhouse-effect gas emissions (specifically CO
2
) by 20% [3].
To achieve these results, it is important to act on existing build-
ings. In particular the reuse of existing buildings may imply issues, if
no objective and systematic approach is used, taking into account,
for instance, the property of the building (private or public), the
existence of historical, artistic, cultural, economical constraints,
and the presence of various actors as public representatives, archi-
tects, architecture historians, designers and owners [4–7]. For this
reason it is very difficult to consider buildings subject to preserva-
tion orders in the framework of sustainable growth. Interventions
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2017.09.011
1296-2074/© 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.