Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: FSI, food security index; FAO, food and agriculture organization; FSMI, food security multidimensional index; FSVIMSA, food security and vulnerability information and mapping system analysis; LES, linear expenditure system; AIDS, almost ideal demand system; CGEM, computational and general equilibrium model; GDP, gross domestic product Introduction Numerous of studies estimate the infuence of climatic factors on food-grain crops as a proxy for integrated food security in different regions of India, conclude that climate change has a signifcant and negative impact on food security in India. 1–3 Few studies used agricultural productivity of food-grain and commercial crops to assess the climatic change impact on agricultural productivity using district- wise and state-wise panel data in India. 2,4–7 These studies also predicted that climate change would bring serious threat for food security especially for developing countries. 1–3,8 Since, food security is not a function of food- grain crops only and some other socio-economic and government policy factors also may affect the food security. Therefore, study based on food-grain crops may be unable to identify the actual situation of food security. Earlier studies did not empirically measure the infuence of climatic factors on overall food security. Overall food security covers all the components of food security that is consider as food security index (FSI). 5,9–11 FSI is an integrated index that includes a wide range of factors which are signifcantly associated with food security. 5,9–11 Furthermore, there is debate ongoing among the researchers in different feld of studies (e.g., economics, sociology, health and bio-logical sciences), national policy makers, development thinkers, international development organization and global policy maker that what must be proper solution to estimate the infuence of climatic indicators, socio-economic variables, government policy factors and geographical factors on overall food security at individual level to households level, and country level to global level. 9–12 But anyone could not develop a concrete and rational scientifc method to solve aforementioned problem. The question, therefore, to estimate the infuence of climatic parameters and geographical location on FSI is still a greater challenge for existing researchers. For above-mentioned perspectives, few studies argued that scientifc research communities need to develop an appropriate econometric model which would be useful to investigate the complex association of climatic factors with FSI. To account aforesaid drawback of earlier studies, the present study attempts to answer the following research questions: i. What could be reasonable technique to estimate the food security of a region? ii. Which socio-economic and climatic factors are signifcantly associated with FSI? iii. How climate variability do affects FSI? iv. How it is possible to mitigate the adverse effect of climatic factors and socio- economic variables on agricultural production activities and food security? With regards to aforementioned research question, the main purpose of the present paper is to assess the food security infuencing factors in developing countries based on existing literature. This study facilitates suitable techniques to measure food security at individual level to household level, household to county level, and country level to global level. Also, it suggests scientifc tools to examine the infuence of climatic variables on FSI. Several policy suggestions are also given to maintain sustainable food security in developing economies. Food Security and its components The concept of food security emerged in the conference of United MOJ Food Process Technol. 2018;6(1):9‒19. 9 ©2018 Singh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Implications of climatic and non-climatic variables on food security in developing economies: a conceptual review Volume 6 Issue 1 - 2018 Ajay Kumar Singh, 1 Pritee Sharma 2 1 Department of Humanities, DIT University, India 2 Department of Humanities, IIT Indore, India Correspondence: Ajay Kumar Singh, Department of Humanities, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248009, India, Email a.k.seeku@gmail.com; kumar.ajay_3@yahoo.com Received: October 25, 2017 | Published: January 05, 2018 Abstract The present study explores the relationship between food security, socioeconomic factors and climatic variables in context of developing economies based on existing studies. It suggests several scientific techniques to measure the food security at individual/state/region/country level. Reasonable and viable methods are also given, which can be used to assess the influence of climatic and non-climatic variables on estimated food security index (FSI). It primarily deals with various issues to measuring food security, and provides detail description of socio-economic and policy factors which have significant association with food security especially in developing economies. It emphasized that FSI is best estimator to identify the food security at individual/state/region/country level. It provides several policy suggestions for agriculture sustainability and to maintain food security in developing countries. It also facilitates several policy directions to mitigate the adverse effect of climate change in agriculture production activities and to achieve sustainable food security in developing economies. Keywords: climatic and socio-economic variables, food security, FSI, india, developing countries MOJ Food Processing & Technology Research Article Open Access