Article Physiological and Genetic Adaptations to Diving in Sea Nomads Graphical Abstract Highlights d The Bajau, or ‘‘Sea Nomads,’’ have engaged in breath-hold diving for thousands of years d Selection has increased Bajau spleen size, providing an oxygen reservoir for diving d We find evidence of additional diving-related phenotypes under selection d These findings have implications for hypoxia research, a pertinent medical issue Authors Melissa A. Ilardo, Ida Moltke, Thorfinn S. Korneliussen, ..., Suhartini Salingkat, Rasmus Nielsen, Eske Willerslev Correspondence rasmus_nielsen@berkeley.edu (R.N.), ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk (E.W.) In Brief Genetic and physiological adaptations enable the remarkable breath-holding ability of marine nomads. Ilardo et al., 2018, Cell 173, 569–580 April 19, 2018 ª 2018 Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.054