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Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2016 Sep 15; 4(3):319-323. 319
ID Design 2012/DOOEL Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2016 Sep 15; 4(3):319-323.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2016.072
eISSN: 1857-9655
Basic Science
Neck Circumference in Overweight/Obese Subjects who Visited
the Binjai Supermall in Indonesia
Dharma Lindarto
*
, Shierly, Santi Syafril
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, North Sumatra University - H. Adam Malik Hospital, Jalan Bunga Lau
No 17, Medan 20136, Indonesia
Citation: Lindarto D, Shierly, Syafril S. Neck
Circumference in Overweight/Obese Subjects who Visited
the Binjai Supermall in Indonesia. Open Access Maced J
Med Sci. 2016 Sep 15; 4(3):319-323.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2016.072
Keywords: obesity; neck circumference; cutoff point;
overweight; BMI.
*Correspondence: Dharma Lindarto. Department of
Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, North Sumatra
University - H. Adam Malik Hospital, Jalan Bunga Lau No
17, Medan 20136, Indonesia. Phone +62811631514. E-
mail: dharmalindarto22@gmail.com
Received: 13-May-2016; Revised: 25-Jun-2016;
Accepted: 26-Jun-2016; Online first: 16-Jul-2016
Copyright: © 2016 Dharma Lindarto, Shierly, Santi
Syafril. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original author
and source are credited.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no
competing interests exist.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neck circumference (NC) is a simple screening measure for identifying
overweight and obesity, it reflects upper-body fat distribution and central obesity.
AIM: To determine whether a single measure of NC might be used to identify overweight/obesity.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was done. The
subjects consisted of all consecutive subjects who visited Binjai Supermall (North Sumatera
Province, Indonesia) between 23rd and 29th September 2015 and agreed to participate in the
study. NC, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) were measured.
Overweight and obesity were defined as BMIs of 23.0–24.9 and ≥ 25 kg/m
2
, respectively.
RESULTS: In total, 1554 subjects participated. Of these, 1238 (79.7%) were overweight/obese. NC
correlated significantly with weight, height, BMI, and WC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)
analysis showed that for all men and women, the area under the curve of overweight/obesity for NC
was 0.83 and 0.79, respectively. The best NC cutoff points for males and females that indicated
overweight/obesity were ≥ 37 cm (sensitivity, 78.3% and specificity, 75.5%) and ≥ 33.5 cm
(sensitivity, 76.6% and specificity, 66.7%), respectively.
CONCLUSION: The NC cutoffs that were identified may be useful for screening for
overweight/obesity and related co-morbidities.
Introduction
Obesity is defined as an excessively high
amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean
body mass [1]. Current estimates; in the US, are that
69% of adults are either overweight or obese, with
approximately 35% being obese [2]. Obesity raises
the risk of hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease, stroke,
gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea,
respiratory problems, and some cancers [3]. In
developing countries, people with a high
socioeconomic status are most likely to be obese.
This may be due to their occupation, education level,
physical activity, and tendency to smoke [4]. In 2013,
the prevalence of obesity in North Sumatra Province,
Indonesia was about 27%. This is markedly greater
than the national prevalence of obesity (20%) [5].
When assessing obesity, various techniques
are used. These include measuring BMI, the waist
circumference (WC), waist/hip ratio, mid-upper arm
circumference, subscapular/triceps ratio, and neck
circumference (NC) [6]. NC is a particularly simple
and rapidly obtained anthropometric measurement
that can be used to screen for overweight/obese
people because it reflects upper-body fat distribution
and central obesity [7, 8]. The Framingham Heart
Study showed that NC is an index of central obesity
as it associates independently with visceral adiposity
and body mass index (BMI). Moreover, NC associates
independently with cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g.,
systolic and diastolic blood pressure) even after
adjusting for visceral adiposity or BMI and WC [9].
Similarly, NC with metabolic syndrome correlated
better among females than males. The cross -
sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care
hospital in South India, showed that men with NC >37