religions
Article
Centrality of Religiosity among Select LGBTQs in
the Philippines
Fides del Castillo
1,
* , Clarence Darro del Castillo
2
, Gregory Ching
3
and Michael Sepidoza Campos
1
Citation: del Castillo, Fides, Clarence
Darro del Castillo, Gregory Ching,
and Michael Sepidoza Campos. 2021.
Centrality of Religiosity among Select
LGBTQs in the Philippines. Religions
12: 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/
rel12020083
Academic Editor: Stefan Huber
Received: 29 December 2020
Accepted: 19 January 2021
Published: 28 January 2021
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1
Theology and Religious Education Department, De La Salle University, Manila 1004, Philippines;
michael.campos@dlsu.edu.ph
2
Administration Office, Lumina Foundation for Integral Human Development, Calamba City 4027,
Philippines; cdbdelcastillo@gmail.com
3
Graduate Institute of Educational Leadership & Development, Research, and Development Center for
Physical Education, Health, and Information Technology, Fu Jen Catholic University,
New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan; 094478@mail.fju.edu.tw
* Correspondence: fides.delcastillo@dlsu.edu.ph
Abstract: This paper investigates the salience of religion and the centrality of religiosity among
select LGBTQs. Much consideration has been given to the identity categories of sex, gender, sexual
orientation, and religion. Means (M) and standard deviations (SD) were calculated for the overall
CRSi-20 score and its five subscales. The results show that the overall CRSi-20 score is 3.68 (SD = 0.89),
which indicates that the select LGBTQs are “religious”. As for the core dimensions of religiosity, the
ideology subscale received the highest mean score (M = 4.16, SD = 0.88) while the public practice
subscale received the lowest mean score (M = 3.21, SD = 1.15). The overall reliability of the survey
is computed at 0.96, while the rest of the subscales have alpha values ranging from 0.81 to 0.95.
Study outcomes confirm the general religiosity of participants, particularly among older respondents.
Of the five subscales, ideology and private practice emerge as dominant categories. In terms of
sex distribution, men tend to self-describe as “highly religious” in relation to women, who identify
largely as “religious”.
Keywords: religious education; inter-religious; human sexuality; gender; homosexuality; queer;
youth; centrality of religiosity scale
1. Introduction
In October 2020, news proliferated online concerning a statement by Pope Francis
expressing clear support for civil unions. It was controversial as much for its content as
its context—seemingly an advice given to a gay, partnered Roman Catholic who longed
to raise his children in the church. Presumably, Francis affirmed the right of each person
to family and its accompanying civil protection—“What we have to make is a law of civil
coexistence, for they [LGBTQs] have the right to be legally covered” (Elie 2020). While
the Pope had been known to utter similarly off-handed opinions in the past, the comment
accentuated—yet again—the unwieldy interaction of sexuality and Christian teaching,
theological application, to lived reality.
This study was conceived initially to address a ministerial concern. The researchers
observed the lack of structural resources that attended to the lived realities of persons
who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ). While literature
on religious education and sexuality exists, few account for the experiences of Filipino
LGBTQs, specifically their understandings of “religion”, “God”, “faith”, and questions of
meaning. How can empirical data refine the assumptions of faith that churches uphold
within the diverse landscape of human sexualities? To what extent do ministers and
religious workers affirm and/or discount the religious experiences of Filipino LGBTQs
when these fall outside the purview of institutional language? How do religious beliefs
influence the subjective experience and behavior of Filipino LGBTQs?
Religions 2021, 12, 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12020083 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions