A new genus of Trichomyiinae (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Upper Cretaceous amber of New Jersey Dany Azar * , Rita Mouawad, Youmna Salamé Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences II, Department of Natural Sciences, Fanar, Fanar e Matn, P. O. Box 26110217, Lebanon article info Article history: Received 26 January 2014 Accepted in revised form 17 February 2014 Available online xxx Keywords: Trichomyiinae Psychodidae Xenotrichomyia New Jersey Amber Cretaceous Turonian gen. nov. sp. nov. abstract Xenotrichomyia newjerseyiensis a new genus and species belonging to Trichomyiinae within Psychodidae is characterized, described, illustrated and its taxonomic position is discussed. It shares some similarities with Trichomyiinae of group B, but retains some archaic features, such as normal and non-excentric flagellomeres, and possesses an autapomorphy in wing venation that distinguish it from all remaining Trichomyiinae. This discovery represents the first Trichomyiinae (Psychodidae) from the Upper Creta- ceous New Jersey amber, and adds more evidence on the very high palaeodiversity of the psychodids since at least the Lower Cretaceous. An updated check list of fossil Trichomyiinae is given. Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Psychodidae (Diptera: Nematocera) are small true flies with short, hairy bodies and wings that give them a moth-like appear- ance. The adults have long antennae, containing 12e16 segments, and each segment is bulbous with a ring of long hairs (Quate and Vockeroth, 1981; Wagner, 1997). Their wings are leaf-shaped, either slender or broad, with 9e10 longitudinal veins and no cross-veins in the distal two-thirds of each wing (Quate and Vockeroth, 1981; Wagner, 1997). Adult Psychodidae are commonly nocturnal, associated with damp habitats, and more common and diverse in intertropical regions (Grimaldi and Engel, 2005). Some Psychodidae (such as Phlebotomus Loew, 1845) are blood feeders, and important vectors of several infectious diseases, such as leishmaniasis (Azar and Nel, 2003). Some Psychodidae are commonly nuisance pests in bathrooms, because their larvae (such as those from the subfamilies Psychodinae and Sycoracinae) live in aquatic or semi-terrestrial habitats including bathroom sinks (Grimaldi and Engel, 2005). Psychodid flies are well known in the dipteran fossil record (Ansorge, 1994, 1996; Evenhuis, 1994; Azar et al., 1999, 2003, 2007a, 2007b; Azar and Nel, 2002, 2003; Nel et al., 2002; Wagner, 2002, 2006; Azar and Ziadé, 2005; Lak et al., 2008; Solórzano Kraemer and Wagner, 2009; Azar and Waller, 2010; Wang et al., 2011; Azar et al., 2013). Their earliest incontestable known fossil is from the Lower Jurassic but their occurrence could be traced back to the Triassic (Ansorge, 1994; Fraser et al., 1996; Blagoderov et al., 2007). Trichomyiinae is a subfamily of short-legged psychodids that have the radial sector with only one vein between the radial and medial forks. They can be found exclusively in wood, such as decaying wood or tree holes filled partly with rain water (Beran et al., 2010). This cosmopolitan group is represented in extant fauna by about 85 species, all included in Trichomyia Haliday, 1839 (Satchell, 1956; Duckhouse, 1965, 1978, 1980; Bravo, 1999, 2001), even if this genus encloses a broad range of structures that imposed the creation of different subgenera. Several other recent genera were created within Trichomyiinae like Diplonema Loew, 1845, Lepria Enderlein, 1936, and Eubonetia Vargas & Diaz Najera, 1953, but Satchell (1956) sank them all in Trichomyia. The genus Phalaenomyia Loew, 1844 originally pro- posed without included species is considered by all the workers as a nomen nudum. Duckhouse (1965) concluded that two or more groups are at present intermingled under Trichomyia, but he considered that it would be premature to form new genera. Nevertheless he sub- divided the Trichomyiinae into two groups A and B based on an- tenna and palpi structures. Later he considered that this division * Corresponding author. E-mail address: azar@mnhn.fr (D. Azar). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2014.02.014 0195-6671/Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Cretaceous Research xxx (2014) 1e8 Please cite this article in press as: Azar, D., et al., A newgenus of Trichomyiinae (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Upper Cretaceous amber of New Jersey, Cretaceous Research (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2014.02.014