Research Article
Performance Evaluation of Bone Glue-Modified Asphalt
AsifAli ,NaveedAhmad,MuhammadAdeel,SyedBilalAhmedZaidi ,
MuhammadSohailJameel,FarsanAliQureshi,WaqasHaroon,andSyedaAamaraAsif
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila 47050, Pakistan
Correspondence should be addressed to Asif Ali; asifce39@gmail.com
Received 15 July 2019; Revised 13 October 2019; Accepted 15 October 2019; Published 3 November 2019
Academic Editor: Akbar Heidarzadeh
Copyright © 2019 Asif Ali et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Asphalt is one of the primary materials that are extensively used by the pavement industry throughout the world. Its behaviour is
highly dependent on the amount of loading and the level of temperature it is exposed to. Asphalt has been modified in the past
with different additives to improve its high- or low-temperature properties. In Pakistan, temperature remains high for most of the
time of the year; hence, asphalt binders with less susceptibility to higher temperatures are preferred for flexible pavements. Acids,
polymers, fibers, and extenders have been used by the researchers to improve high-temperature performance of asphalt mixture.
In the present study, a bio material derived from the animal waste, named as bone glue (BG), has been used with the 60/70
penetration grade binder in dosages of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% by weight of asphalt binder. e bone glue is produced from a
sustainable source. It is a cost-effective and eco-friendly material. Moreover, it produces a durable and nonhazardous asphalt
composite. e influence of addition of bone glue on asphalt binder was evaluated using different testing techniques which include
consistency tests, rheological analysis, and adhesion tests. Furthermore, different performance tests were conducted on bone glue-
modified asphalt mixtures. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis
were carried out to ensure the homogeneity and proper mixing of bone glue in asphalt binder. e results from the tests reveal that
bone glue stiffens the asphalt binder hence enhancing its high temperature performance. Bone glue dosage of 9% by weight of the
binder was found to be the optimum dosage based on the rheological and performance analysis.
1.Introduction
In Pakistan, most of the transport infrastructures consist of
flexible pavements. Asphalt binder is the primary material
used in the construction of flexible pavements. Asphalt
binder being a viscoelastic material is quite sensitive to
temperature and traffic loading. Asphalt behaves as an elastic
solid under lower temperatures and higher loading fre-
quencies, while at higher temperatures and low loading
frequencies, it behaves as a viscous fluid. In Pakistan, one of
the most common types of failure is rutting because of very
high temperature during summer. Furthermore, the traffic
loading from slow-moving loaded trucks increase the vis-
cous behaviour of asphalt hence making it sensitive to
rutting [1, 2].
In order to improve the performance of flexible pave-
ments, pavement engineers are continuously in pursuit of
advance and more efficient asphalt modifiers. ese
modifiers enhance the durability and sustainability of
pavements by improving high- and low-temperature per-
formance. Flexible pavement performance can be enhanced
through change in aggregate gradation and/or source [3, 4],
modification of binder through polymers [5], styrene-bu-
tadiene-styrene (SBS) [6, 7], crumb rubber [8, 9], Elvaloy
[10], polyethylene [11–13], lime [14–17], and costly nano-
materials [18, 19].
Poly phosphoric acid (PPA) has been extensively used as
bitumen modifier and has been reported to improve high-
and intermediate-temperature performance of asphalt [20].
Studies conducted on nanomaterials, such as nano-TiO
2
,
nano-SiO
2
, and nano-ZnO, have shown that bitumen
modified with nanoparticles results in significant im-
provement in high-temperature performance of asphalt
[21, 22], but it is considered as an expansive solution.
Polymer-modified asphalt has been used in almost every
part of the world, specifically in advanced countries. e
Hindawi
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
Volume 2019, Article ID 3157152, 13 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3157152