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International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (2.29) (2018) 700-703
International Journal of Engineering & Technology
Website: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJET
Research paper
Cooperative GPS and Neighbors Awareness Based
Device Discovery for D2D Communication in
in-Band Cellular Networks
O. Hayat
1
*, R. Ngah
2
, Yasser Zahedi
3
1
National University Of Modern Languages (NUML) H-9 Islamabad
2
Wireless Communication Centre (WCC) Faculty of Electrical Engineering UTM Johor Bahru Malaysia.
3
Department Of Information And Communication Engineering, Basrah University College of Science And Technology,Basrah,
Iraq
*Corresponding Author E-Mail: Ohayat@Numl.Edu.Pk
Abstract
Device to Device (D2D) communication is a new paradigm for next-generation wireless systems to offload data traffic. A device needs
to discover neighbor devices on the certain channel to initiate the D2D communication within the minimum period. A device discovery
technique based on Global Positioning System (GPS) and neighbor awareness base are proposed for in-band cellular networks. This
method is called network-centric approach, and it improves the device discovery efficiency, accuracy, and channel capacity. The dif-
ferential code is applied to measure the signal to noise ratio of each discovered device. In the case that the signal to noise ratio (SNR)
of two devices is above a specified threshold value, then these two devices are qualified for D2D communication. Two procedures are
explored for device discovery; discovery by CN (core network) and eNB (evolved node B) cooperation with the help of GPS and
neighbor awareness. Using ‘Haversine’ formula, SNR base distance is calculated. Results show an increment in the channel capacity
relative to SNR obtained for each device.
Keywords: D2D Communication; SNR, GPS; CN; and eNB
1 Introduction
Due to spectrum crises and its high vitality utilization wireless and
mobile networks planners have been confronting the consistently
expanding interest for high data rates and versatility needed by new
wireless applications. In this manner, research has been begun on
5th generation wireless frameworks that are probable to be imple-
mented beyond 2020 (1). One of the techniques to implement 5G is
to shift the intelligence at the device level. Device to Device (D2D)
Communication is one of the potential advancements in 5G. In D2D
communication, two devices communicate directly without passing
through the intermediate node as shown in Figure 1. Up to 4G wire-
less cellular networks, D2D communication practicality has not
been considered (2).
The very important advantages of direct D2D communication,
source devices may enjoy data rates, minimum delay, and energy
efficiency. Along with that direct D2D communication alleviate
congestion from the main network (3), (4). This is because it has
primarily been imagined as a device level communication to mini-
mize the expense of nearby service locating. Service providers can
further exploit D2D effectiveness in a stadium or shopping center
where a huge number of users use mobiles and share information.
Their direct transmission among intelligent devices and different
wireless nodes will minimize the congestion in the network. More-
over, D2D communication can be utilized in public safety networks,
disaster as in a quake or sea tempest. A temporary communication
system can be set up utilizing D2D effectiveness as a part of a
system by replacing the damaged communication system and inter-
net arrangement (5).
Fig. 1: D2D communication in multicell
In D2D communication layout, devices most of the time is contact
probing for a partner and start communication when partner found.
Energy can be saved when devices start communication and data
sharing when they are the vicinity of each other. Contact probing
also is slightly energy consuming as results are validated in (6). In-
itiating D2D communication starts with the device discovery (7)
and followed by the access process. Each discovered device acts as
a femtocell and fully or partially controlled by the cellular network.
Cooperative use of Global Positioning System (GPS), and neighbor
C1
C2
C3
D2D Link
Control Link
Cellular Link
Cellular Link