Proceeding of the 5 th International Conference on Agriculture, Vol. 1, 2018, pp. 1-6 Copyright © 2018 TIIKM ISSN 2362-1036 online DOI: https://doi.org/10.17501/26827018.2018.5101 EFFECT OF MANURE PLUS AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER ON MAIZE PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CENTRAL JAVA INDONESIA Dwi Retno Lukiwati*, Florentina Kusmiyati and Bagus Herwibawa Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Abstract: Maize is used by farmer under crop-livestock integrated farming system (CLIFS) in Indonesia. The characteristic of CLIFS is crop yield for food, stover for feed, cattle dung for manure as organic fertilizer. The quality of manure could be increased by adding organic phosphorus (guano, rock phosphate/RP) at initial phase of decomposition process. This research was aimed to improve manure quality by adding organic P (RP, guano) that was called as manure plus, then to evaluate manure plus and inorganic fertilizer on maize production, dry matter (DM) production and nutrient uptake of stover. Chemical properties of manure, manure plus and nutrient of stover were evaluated at the laboratory and field experiment with 6 treatments of fertilization and five replicates at latosolic soil. The treatments were (TSP+SA+KCl), manure+ (TSP+SA+KCl), manure+ (RP+SA+KCl), manure+ (guano+SA+KCl), (RP-manure)+ SA+KCl and (guano-manure)+ SA+KCl. The maize was harvested at 11 weeks after planting. Parameter measured were maize production, DM production and nutrient uptake of stover. The result showed that the chemical properties of manure plus was varied. RP-manure was higher in P (3.26%) and K (3.10%) compared to manure and guano-manure. Guano- manure was higher in N (1.66%) compared to manure and RP-manure. However, the effect of all the treatment was no significantly different on maize production, DM production and nutrient uptake of stover, except on N uptake of stover. It was concluded that manure plus replaces TSP as inorganic fertilizer. Keywords: Guano, manure, nutrient, rock phosphate, waxy-corn Introduction Waxy-corn (Zea mays ceratina L.) is a variety of maize with a high amylopectin content 90% and has highly green fodder production that has a real interest to livestock feed (Ramansyah et al. 2013). Waxy-corn is used by farmer under crop-livestock integrated farming system (CLIFS) in Indonesia especially in Central Java. The characteristic of CLIFS is crop yield for food, stover for ruminant feed and cattle dung for manure as organic fertilizer. The use of organic fertilizers made up of various composted materials, is now established as a key strategy not only for improving soil organic matter contents and nutrient supply to plant but also for reducing the input cost of mineral fertilizers and promoting healthier environments (Ahmad et al. 2006). Use of organic manures alongside inorganic fertilizers often lead to increased soil organic matter (SOM), soil structure, water holding capacity and improved nutrient cycling and helps to maintain soil nutrient status, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil’s biological activity (Saha et al., 2008). Phosphorus is a major plant nutrient and considered one of the primary factors limiting crops yield (Zaidi et al., 2009). Phosphorus is needed for growth, utilization of sugar and starch, photosynthesis, metabolic process which leads to higher yield potential (Ayub et al. 2002). Therefore, application of P fertilizers is essentially required to improve crop yield. Manure in general low in most of major nutrients, and organic phosphorus (rock phosphate, guano) can advantageously compensate the imbalance of manure on P nutrients (Ramilison, 2001). The quality of manure could be increased by adding organic phosphorus sources (RP, guano) at initial phase of decomposition process (Lukiwati et al. 2014). Main problem in using the nature-P (organic-P) is to solubilize and enhance availability of P content (Khan et al. 2009). However, if natural P is allowed to react with organic acids produced during composting, a major part of natural P could be solubilized for plant uptake (Singh and Reddy, 2011). It is well documented that during composting process of organic waste a variety of organic acids are released. The extent of nature- P solubilization by composting material depend on many factors such as type of nature P fertilizer Corresponding Author’s Email: *drlukiwati_07@yahoo.com