NE US Academic Publishers Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences October 2020 | Volume 8 | Issue 10 | Page 1087 INTRODUCTION T he infammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is the clinical-pathological presentation of a local invasion and extremely aggressive mammary neoplasia (Peña et al., 2003). Currently represents one of the biggest challenges in veterinary oncology, considering its high metastatic potential, hyperacute course, and poor prognosis ( Janni et al., 2011). In veterinary and human oncology, metastatic disease is one of the leading causes of death in patients, especially in those with solid carcinomas (Argyle, 2003). In 2002, a new model of metastasis was proposed, in which the cancer cells acquired metastatic capacity during the initial stages of the primary tumor (Rene and Weinberg, 2002). When these cells are found in bone marrow (BM), they are called disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) (Pantel et al., 1993). Previous studies demonstrated that persistent DTCs during follow-up in women with a primary diagnosis of early breast cancer predicted relapse and death signifcantly, and these observations provide strong evidence for its value as a monitoring tool ( Janni et al., 2011; Taylor et al., 2013). Finally, a meta-analysis evaluating patients with primary breast cancer demonstrated that the presence of circulating tumor cells could be associated with poor overall survival and biologically more aggressive phenotypes (Zhao et al., 2011). Cytologic examination of BM is not a routine part of staging in veterinary patients with epithelial tumors. Te micrometastasis presence at the time of diagnosis has not been reported as a prognostic tool in veterinary patients. Tis study aimed to evaluate the presence of DTCs in BM of dogs with IMC. For immunohistochemistry, the gelatinized slides containing the 4-μm histological sections were deparafnized in Case Report Abstract | We report four cases of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) present in the bone marrow (BM) of canines with infammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC). Te diagnosis was made by cytological and histopathological analysis of BM biopsy and was confrmed by immunohistochemistry and immunofuorescence methods using an anti-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 antibody. Te cytologic evaluation followed by BM immunocytochemistry is a widely used method for the investigation of DTCs in women with breast neoplasms. Few studies have reported the presence of these cells in dogs, including IMC. Te presence of these cells in the BM of women with breast tumors is related to tumor recurrence. Tis study demonstrates the presence of DTCs in the BM of dogs with IMC. Furthermore, the observation of the presence of micrometastasis at the time of diagnosis combined with cytokeratin immunocytochemical analysis could be a valuable prognostic tool in veterinary patients. Keywords | Bone marrow, Disseminated tumor cells, Metastasis, Infammatory carcinoma, Dog MIRIÃ R. DE OLIVEIRA 1 , TATIANY L. SILVEIRA 1 , RUBENS A. CARNEIRO 2 , GLEIDICE E. LAVALLE 2 , MICHELE A. RODRIGUES 1 , GEOVANNI D. CASSALI 1 * Bone Marrow Metastasis in Infammatory Mammary Carcinoma: A Case Report in Dog Received | May 22, 2020; Accepted | July 15, 2020; Published | August 10, 2020 *Correspondence | Geovanni Dantas Cassali, Laboratório de Patologia Comparada, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627. ZIP Code: 31270-901. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Email: cassalig@ icb.ufmg.br Citation | Oliveira MR, Silveira TL, Carneiro RA, Lavalle GE, Rodrigues MA, Cassali GD (2020). Bone marrow metastasis in infammatory mammary carcinoma: A case report in dog. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 8(10): 1087-1090. DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2020/8.10.1087.1090 ISSN (Online) | 2307-8316; ISSN (Print) | 2309-3331 Copyright © 2020 Oliveira et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1 Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais; 2 Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais.