VOL. 13, NO. 24, DECEMBER 2018 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2018 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
9728
NONLINEARITY MITIGATION IN IM/DD OPTICAL OFDM
USING NEW SLM SCHEME
Chhavi Sharma
1
, Arvind Kumar
2
and S. K Tomar
1
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule
Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India
2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
E-Mail: yash_naina@yahoo.co.in
ABSTRACT
Optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (O-OFDM) systems have received a great deal of attention as
a transmission technology for high-capacity long-haul optical transport networks. However, it is also very sensitive to
nonlinear effects due to high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) problem as conventional OFDM system. This paper
proposes Fast Hartley based selective mapping with Riemann Sequence for PAPR reduction in IM/DD Optical OFDM
system. Results show that the proposed method performs better in terms of PAPR and bit error rate performance and it is
less complex than other conventional methods.
Keywords: O-OFDM, PAPR, SLM.
INTRODUCTION
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) has recently been introduced in optical
communications because of its robustness against channel
dispersion and its high spectral efficiency [1]. It is a
promising technique for long haul and high speed optical
transmission systems. It is also becoming popular because
it can effectively reduce inter symbol interference caused
by dispersive channel also it is immune to chromatic
dispersion (CD) and polarization dispersion (PMD) [2].
The use of OFDM in optical communications mitigates
transmission impairments and at the same time, provides
high-data rate transmission across dispersive optical
media. It is also used in wireless and wireline applications
and in almost every major communication standards.
Among the proposed OFDM systems, Intensity
Modulation and Direct-Detection (IM/DD) technique
inherently is a low cost and attractive for future cost-
sensitive, short-range & high-speed transmission such as
passive optical network (PON), indoor optical wireless
communication and interconnections in data centre [3].
The two most popular IM/DD OFDM systems are DC-
offset OFDM (DCO-OFDM) and asymmetrically clipped
optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) [4]. Fast Hartley transform
(FHT) has been proposed as an alternative
modulation/demodulation processing in IM/DD optical
OFDM systems [16]. The complexity of FHT with real
input constellation is half of that of FFT with complex
input constellation [5].Thus; FHT is perfect for IM/DD
systems due to its low complexity.
However high peak to average power ratio
(PAPR) and sensitivity to carrier frequency offset are two
major drawback of optical OFDM (OOFDM) like
conventional OFDM. Various techniques have been
proposed to reduce the PAPR comprising clipping and
filtering [7], coding schemes [8], companding transform
[10], Tone Reservation and Tone Injection [6], Active
constellation extension (ACE) [11], multiple signal
representation techniques such as SLM and PTS [13-14]
and interleaving [12] etc. All these techniques are selected
according to various criteria such as bandwidth expansion,
loss in data rate, system complexity, BER increase, power
increase. Among all these basic techniques for PAPR
reduction, SLM is an attractive technique as it can obtain
better PAPR by modifying the OFDM signal without
distortion. Generation and selection of phase sequence is
one of the important aspects of the SLM technique for
good PAPR reduction. In [15 ] rows of Riemann matrix
are used as phase factors for SLM and it is shown that this
scheme performs better than other previously proposed
phase sequences such as Hadamard and Chaotic sequences
but it has only discussed the PAPR performance without
applying into optical OFDM transmission.
This paper proposes a low complexity SLM
technique for PAPR reduction in optical OFDM system. In
this research work, FHT based SLM technique with
Riemann sequence as phase factor sequence is proposed
for PAPR reduction in OOFDM- IM/DD system. Here
for comparison purpose, the signal is mapped into M-
QAM format if FFT is used, whereas with the FHT
scheme aM-PAM or BPSK format is considered as in
[4].We adapt the FHT-based SLM for optical OFDM
(OOFDM) using Riemann sequence as phase factor
sequence. To the best of our knowledge, no demonstration
of FHT-based SLM for IM/DD optical OFDM systems
based on Riemann Sequence exists in the literature.
The paper is organized as follows. Initially the
transmitter and receiver models of conventional SLM,
FHT based SLM, generation of Riemann matrix and its
use as phase sequence is discussed then experimental set
up for FHT based SLM-OOFDM with Riemann matrix as
phase sequence and simulation results are presented and
finally conclusion of the proposed work given.
OFDM WITH FHT BASED SLM
Conventional SLM and FHT based SLM
SLM is a PAPR reduction technique suitable for
a wide range of applications. In this method, the data
symbols are copied into U sections, each multiplied by U