https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580919851429
International Sociology
2019, Vol. 34(4) 435–454
© The Author(s) 2019
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DOI: 10.1177/0268580919851429
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A retrospective of LGBT
issues on US college
campuses: 1990–2020
Susan Rankin
Rankin & Associates Consulting, USA
Jason C Garvey
University of Vermont, USA
Antonio Duran
Auburn University, USA
Abstract
In this brief retrospective of LGBT issues on US College Campuses: 1990–2020, the authors first
review the extensive changes in the language used to ‘define’ people within these communities.
Given the fluid and evolving language used in sexual and gender minority communities, it is crucial
to examine how community members are named and who is centered as a result of this naming.
The authors use the terms queer-spectrum and trans-spectrum to honor how individuals choose
to identify themselves as opposed to placing them into socially constructed, fixed categories of
sexuality and gender. Next, they explore how the climate has changed in higher education to
support queer-spectrum and trans-spectrum students. Finally, the authors examine the research
on how queer-spectrum and trans-spectrum students experience their campuses and the climate’s
influence on specific outcomes. This retrospective contends that higher education scholars must
continue to examine outcomes that will facilitate success for queer- and trans-spectrum student
populations.
Keywords
Higher education, homosexuality, sexuality, social justice
Corresponding author:
Susan Rankin, Rankin & Associates Consulting, PO Box 576, Howard, PA 16841, USA.
Email: sue@rankin-consulting.com
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