Architectural envelopes that interact with
their environment
Marlen López Fernández
Ramón Rubio
Santiago Martín González
Gijon Polytechnic School of Engineering.
University of Oviedo.
Spain
Abstract__We investigate the application to biomimetics on
the development and creation of a new type of exterior walls for
buildings. We study and explore envelopes as found in nature
with an eye on their application to architecture and engineering.
Our hypothesis is the following: Is it possible to obtain greater
efficiency and performance in the construction of exterior walls
in buildings by mimicking nature as opposed to building façades
according to the traditional processes?
Conventional solutions for façades and roofs are not designed
for optimum adaptation to contextual issues and needs. We find
large enclosures built with restrictions that exclude interaction
with the environment, energy efficiency and the optimization of
materials. Multiple environmental and climatic characteristics of
the area are variable parameters, and conventional buildings are
designed to provide a static design solution. A static building can
not guarantee an optimal level of performance, and this will lead
to a discrepancy between the building and the environment.
Through technological innovation and new manufacturing
techniques, we investigate the application of biomimetics to the
development of multifunctional envelopes systems, in terms of
structural and environmental efficiency. We focus on a bottom-
top study of seeds and leaves that leads us to a new kind of
environmental interacting envelope.
Keywords__Biomimetics in Architecture; Innovation inspired
by nature; Smart Envelopes; Energy efficiency; Biodigital
Architecture; Living Architecture; Envelopes in nature.
I. INTRODUCTION
This research aims to develop new approaches to building,
one in which architecture plays a smarter and more responsive
role in the environment. We investigate the application of
biomimetics to the development and creation of a new type of
exterior walls for buildings.
The subject of study is the following problem: conventional
solutions for facades and roofs are not designed for optimum
adaptation to contextual issues and needs. We find large
enclosures built with restrictions that exclude interaction with
the environment, energy efficiency and material optimization.
All modern buildings are constructed in the same way: they
employ industrial processes to use functionally inert materials
that then form a barrier between human habitation and nature
[1].
There are several parameters that affect the performance
and energy efficiency of buildings, including:
. Architectural criteria. Throughout the history of architecture
there has been a tendency to divide functions implicit in the
architectural elements with shapes, structures and materials
[2].
. Constructive criteria. At present the production of building
components is performed in series, instead of custom
productions for each particular case. Traditionally, buildings
are designed and constructed as products of industrial,
machine-manufactured processes that are functionally
inert and both unresponsive and damaging to the changing
environment [3] [4].
. Static solutions. The multiple environmental and climatic
characteristics of the area are variable parameters, and yet
conventional buildings are designed to provide a static design
solution. A static building cannot guarantee an optimal level of
performance, and this will lead to a discrepancy between the
building and the environment[5] [6].
Therefore, the hypothesis for this research is the following:
Is it possible to obtain greater efficiency and performance in
the construction of exterior walls in buildings by mimicking
nature rather than by building façades according to the
traditional processes?
As opposed to our buildings, wich remain inert, living
objects respond to the environment and they are able to adapt
to or respond to the seasons with living coatings wich respond
to the availability of more or less wind, sunlight and water [7].
Innovation in technological functions of architecture is key to
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