Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment, 2021, 9, 651-666 651
E-ISSN: 2292-2598/21 © 2021 Lifescience Global
Socio-Psychological Criteria of the Formation of Gender
Stereotypes of Appearance
Oksana M. Shyian
1,*
, Larysa F. Foster
2
, Tatiana M. Kuzmenko
2
, Larysa V. Yeremenko
3
and
Nina P. Liesnichenko
4
1
Department of Social and Political Disciplines, European University, Kyiv, Ukraine
2
Department of Social Structures and Social Relations, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv,
Ukraine
3
Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University,
Melitopol, Ukraine
4
Department of Practical Psychology, H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Kharkiv,
Ukraine
Abstract: The article considers the socio-psychological criteria for the formation of gender stereotypes of appearance.
The priority of the study is implementing a system of criteria for gender stereotypes of appearance, taking into account
the system of socio-psychological factors and gender-oriented forms of prevention of overcoming sexism and
discrimination on the grounds of personality attractiveness. It is substantiated that social evaluation through physical
criteria creates several psychological problems because the "physical self" is an essential component of the "self-
concept" and one of the criteria of self-esteem. It is proved that the properties of gender stereotypes coincide with the
social ones. They are the bearer of emotional and evaluative characteristics, taking into account the group of values
associated with the ambivalence of ideas about another. A methodical approach to the assessment of gender
stereotypes of appearance and personality is proposed, which allows determining the criteria of human well-being, taking
into account discrimination factors, intrapersonal parameters of affective-negative perception of one's appearance and
self-concept, as well as the aesthetic perception of identity. An assessment of socio-psychological factors of gender
stereotypes of appearance, which is based on the methodological provisions of psychoanalysis and humanism, cognitive
paradigm, dispositional theory, cross-cultural approach, and some sociological studies, is carried out. As an experiment
on empirical verification of the stereotypes of appearance, their gender differences, and socio-psychological factors, a
set of methods of psychological diagnosis is used, which allow determining indicators of stereotypes of appearance, self-
esteem, and attitude to beauty; socio-psychological criteria for the formation of gender stereotypes of appearance. A
methodology for assessing the criteria for improving the attitude of respondents to their own appearance by determining
the level of self-esteem, satisfaction with appearance, awareness of gender differences in appearance, and the desire to
improve their own appearance in case of discrimination has been developed and implemented.
Keywords: Discrimination, sexism, standards of attractiveness and beauty, interpersonal relationships, aesthetic
perception.
INTRODUCTION
The system of socio-psychological criteria of gender
stereotypes, which determine a wide range of
psychological issues and motivate the individual to
seek relevant form and content of care, is manifested in
unbalanced mental contradictions at the emotional,
cognitive and behavioral levels of self-regulation. The
interaction of the main levels of activity of the individual
and the psychological dynamics of this process leads
to the solution of psychological problems associated
with personal development, which lies in the double
contradiction of human psychology at the intra- and
inter-psychic levels. At the same time, inter-psychic
differences are due to the inconsistency of the
individual's subjective mental resources to assess his
*Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Social and
Political Disciplines, European University, 03115, 16B Academician Vernadskyi
Blvd., Kyiv, Ukraine; Tel: +38 044 334 5304;
E-mail: shyian7745@zuricheth.eu
own standards of appearance, and intra-psychic – to
the contradiction between the imposed standards and
his own vision of external beauty, which is determined
by different intentions. This created a situation of a
discrepancy between the declarations of standards and
personal (individual) ideas about beauty, the inability to
realize his own attractiveness and natural beauty, and
the desire to meet social norms of appearance at the
level of perception and imposed means of the media.
This phenomenon often leads to worsening people's
mental health state, which is why it is essential to study
socio-psychological criteria of the formation of gender
stereotypes of appearance.
The problem of gender stereotypes, their content,
functions, and features of influence on the development
of personality are presented in psychoanalysis,
classical psychological concepts, in socio-constructive
areas of research E.M. Adamitis [1], G.R. Adams [2], T.
Nelson [3], J. Ayto [4], J. Bailey, V. Steeves and J.
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