JOURNAL OF THE
ARABIAN AQUACULTURE SOCIETY
Vol. 8 No 1 Arabian Aquaculture Conference June 2013
© Copyright by the Arabian Aquaculture Society 2013
69
Some Heavy Metals Status in Ashtoum El-Gamil Protected Area
Abdelhamid M. Abdelhamid
1
, Manal I. El-Barbary
2
and El-Deweny M.E.
Mabrouk
1
1
Dept. of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt
2
Dept. of Fish Pathology, National Institute for Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo,
Egypt.
*Corresponding Author
ABSTRACT
A survey study was conducted on some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Fe) in water,
sediment, and fish samples from Ashtoum El-Gamil protected area during May 2010 to January 2011.
Data obtained revealed that there were significant (P≤0.0001) differences among sampling seasons and
stations as well as their interactions concerning the levels of heavy metals tested in either water,
sediment, or fish collected from this protected area. The elements level took the descending order Zn ≥
Cd ≥ Pb ≥ Fe ≥ Cu in the water, Pb ≥ Fe ≥ Cu ≥ Zn ≥ Cd in the sediment, and Fe ≥ Pb ≥ Zn ≥ Cu ≥ Cd
in the fish body samples. Proximate analysis of the tested fish (mullet and tilapia) reflected also
significant (P≤0.0001) effects due to sampling seasons and stations and their interactions besides fish
species. Some significant correlations were calculated among heavy metals (in water, sediments, and
fish) and chemical composition of the fish.
Keywords: Protected area, water, sediment, fish, heavy metals.
INTRODUCTION
Ashtoum El-Gamil and Tenis Island
are declared as a protected area by Prime
Minister's decree No. 459 / 1988 with an
area of about 30 km
2
later was amended
with decree No. 2780 /1998 to extend its
area to be about 180 km
2
. Ashtoum El-
Gamil is located in the western north corner
of Lake Manzalah, Egypt including new and
old El-Gamil inlets; as well as the historical
Tenis Island, with an area of about 8 km
2
,
that lies on the south west of Port Said city.
The historical Tenis hill surrounded with
water at a distance of about 300 m from all
sides. Two types of water intrude with the
lake: salty water from the Mediterranean,
through the two inlets of El-Gamil in the
North and fresh water from the South
through number of agricultural drainages
(such as El-Serw - Hados - Ramses) in
addition to sanitary sewage drainages such
as Bahr El-Baqar and El-Aninia drainages.
Bahr El-Baqar drainage is one of the most
important sources of pollution in the lake,
as it discharge more than 1.5 million m
3
of
wastewater daily, including more than 1.25
million m
3
from greater Cairo. All of these
drainages located outside boundaries of
Ashtoum El-Gamil protected area and can
not be controlled by Ashtoum El-Gamil
authority (Abd El-Karim, 2008). One of the
important functions of Ashtoum El-Gamil