Sys Rev Pharm 2020;11(5):738-743 A multifaceted review journal in the field of pharmacy 738 Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy Vol 11, Issue 5, May-Jun 2020 The Relationship between Socio-Economic Factors and Parenting Styles with the Incidence of Stunting in Children 1 Ilya Krisnana*, 1 Ika Nur Pratiwi, 1 Adam Cahyadi 1 Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia *Coresponding: Ilya Krisnana (ilya-k@fkp.unair.ac.id ) ABSTRACT Background: Stunting in children under three years of age tends to be caused by problems with meeting economic needs and poor quality of parenting in the family. This study aims to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and parenting style on the incidence of stunting in infants with the approach of family-centered nursing theory. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 100 respondents obtained using purposive sampling. The independent variable of this study was the socio-economic factor and parenting style and the dependent variable was the incident of stunting. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed the Spearman rank test with a significant value of p<0.05. Results: The result of this study showed that there was a relationship between social factors (education) and stunting (p=0.026, r= 0.223). In this study, it showed that there was no relationship between economic factors with stunting incidents (p=0.784, r=0.028) and parenting style with stunting incidents both democratic (p=0.501, r=0.068), authoritative (p=0.754, r=-0.032) and permissive (p=0.691, r=-0.040). Conclusion: It can be concluded that social factors (education) are very influential on the incidence of stunting. Parenting and nutritional status are strongly influenced by the understanding of mothers in regulating health and nutrition in their families. Therefore, education is needed to be able to change behaviors that can lead to improved health nutrition on mother and child. Keywords: Socio-economic, Parenting style, Stunting Children Correspondence: Ilya Krisnana 1 Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia *Coresponding: Ilya Krisnana (ilya-k@fkp.unair.ac.id ) INTRODUCTION The incidence of stunting is still a nutritional problem for children under-five. Globally, around 165 million children are stunted in the world (Prendergast & Humphrey, 2014) . Based on data from WHO in 2018, Indonesia is one of the countries with a high prevalence of stunting. The average prevalence of stunting under five in Indonesia in 2005-2017 is 36.4% (Kementerian Kesehatan - Ministry of Health/Indonesia, 2016). According to the results of the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) the prevalence rate of short and very short toddlers in children under two years of age in Indonesia reached 29.9% (Kementrian kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2018), while the prevalence of short and very short under five in East Java is still high, namely 32.81% (Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2018), without exception in Madiun Regency. The incidence of stunting is still high because it is influenced by environmental conditions and unsupportive socio- economic status so that it has an impact on and affects the parenting style of toddlers in the area. The results of a preliminary study in one of the areas in Madiun District, 8 of them work as agricultural laborers, farmers, livestock, market traders, cart pullers. For the status of the settlement itself, the average building is privately owned but with simple conditions, this area is still dominated by dry and arid land so it is often dusty during the dry and windy season The condition of failure to thrive in children under five (infants under five years) or what is known as stunting is a result of chronic malnutrition so that the child is too short for his age (Sumiati et al., 2020). Hal This condition since the baby is in the womb and the early days after the baby is born. Usually, this condition of stunting is not seen until the age of 2 years. Toddlers with stunting will have a level of intelligence that is not optimal, can make children more susceptible to disease, and in the future the risk of lowering productivity levels. So that stunting can generally result in the stagnation of economic growth, increase poverty, and widen inequality (Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan, 2017). Several factors are associated with the incidence of stunting in children under five, including low birth length, children who do not receive exclusive breastfeeding, low family income, low maternal education, and poor knowledge of maternal nutrition. (Masibo & Makoka, 2012). The health and nutritional conditions of the mother before and during pregnancy and after childbirth affect fetal growth and the risk of stunting. Other factors affecting the mother are the mother's posture (short), the pregnancy is too close, the mother is still a teenager, and the lack of nutritional intake during pregnancy. (Kementerian Kesehatan - Ministry of Health/Indonesia, 2016). Stunting can be caused by multi-dimensional factors and not only due to poor nutrition experienced by pregnant women and children under five (Lestari et al., 2018). Some of these factors are poor parenting practices, limited health services including ANC (Ante Natal Care) services, quality Post Natal Care and quality early learning, lack of family access to nutritious food, and lack of access to clean water and sanitation (Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan, 2017). The socio-economic and sanitary conditions of the residence will be related to the occurrence of stunting because economic conditions are closely related to the ability to fulfill nutritious intake and health services for pregnant women and toddlers. Meanwhile, sanitation and food safety can increase the risk of infectious diseases (Kementerian Kesehatan - Ministry of Health/Indonesia, 2016).